Direct Evidence for Production of Microcystins by
            <i>Anabaena</i>
            Strains from the Baltic Sea

Halinen, Katrianna; Jokela, Jouni; Fewer, David P.; Wahlsten, Matti; Sivonen, Kaarina

doi:10.1128/aem.01377-07

Cited by 72 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The Dolichospermum species, described as planktonic species of Anabaena before or after 2009, were found to lack separation from the Aphanizomenon species in the phylogenies of 16S rRNA, rpoB, ITS1, rpoc1 and rbcLX genes, supported by RFLP analyses of 16S rRNA genes (Lyra et al, 2001;Gugger et al, 2002;Rajaniemi et al, 2005a;Halinen et al, 2007). Both genera Dolichospermum and Aphanizomenon are genetically heterogeneous and polyphyletic ( Fig.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Intermixture Between the Planktonic Dolichospermentioning

confidence: 79%

An overview of diversity, occurrence, genetics and toxin production of bloom-forming Dolichospermum (Anabaena) species

Dreher

2016

Harmful Algae

157

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Section: Phylogenetic Intermixture Between the Planktonic Dolichospermentioning

confidence: 79%

An overview of diversity, occurrence, genetics and toxin production of bloom-forming Dolichospermum (Anabaena) species

Dreher

2016

Harmful Algae

157

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“…In the Guadiana estuary (Portugal) the presence of MCs has also been reported, produced either by Microcystis or Oscillatoria species (Sobrino et al, 2004). MCs had already been reported from the north-east of Europe, in the brackish waters of Baltic Sea, where they were produced by planktonic and benthic Anabaena species (Halinen et al, 2007(Halinen et al, , 2008. Outside Europe, microcystins have been detected mainly in North America (e.g.…”

Section: Hepatotoxins: Microcystin and Nodularinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hepatotoxins are the main toxins found so far, being produced by planktonic Nodularia spumigena, Microcystis sp., Nostoc sp., Planktothrix sp., Phormidium sp. and some Anabaena species (Vasconcelos & Cerqueira, 2001;Rocha et al, 2002;Sobrino et al, 2004;Karlsson et al, 2005;Halinen et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planktonic and benthic cyanobacteria of European brackish waters: a perspective on estuaries and brackish seas

Lopes

Vasconcelos

2011

European Journal of Phycology

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Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic organisms found in aquatic and terrestrial biotopes and ecosystems throughout the world. Marine and freshwater cyanobacteria have been extensively studied due to the toxic hazards that some of them create and biotechnological interest. In contrast, the cyanobacteria of brackish waters have been less studied despite being able to form toxic blooms like their freshwater and marine counterparts. We review the occurrence, diversity and toxicity of cyanobacteria species in the brackish waters of Europe, mainly estuaries and brackish environments of the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean and Baltic Seas. The dominant cyanobacteria belong mainly to the planktonic genera Nodularia, Aphanizomenon, Microcystis and Anabaena, but also the benthic forms of Anabaena and Phormidium. Most genera from brackish waters are reported to be hepatotoxin producers (microcystin and nodularin). However, anatoxin-a and other bioactive compounds (e.g. apoptogens) can also be found and are produced exclusively by benthic forms. Nodularin is the best-characterized brackish-water cyanotoxin, being primarily produced by N. spumigena. Data are presented on cyanotoxin production, accumulation, and potential food chain transfer, with a particular focus on nodularin, which induces multiple effects on food-chain dynamics. Microcystins and anatoxin-a are also considered. Potential risks to animals and humans from cyanotoxin exposure are discussed, although reports of animal poisoning by brackish-water toxic cyanobacteria are scarce and no cases of human intoxication are yet known.

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“…Although Aphanizomenon sp. in the Baltic Sea is considered to be nontoxic (Sivonen et al 1989;Stal et al 2003), we cannot completely rule out the presence of toxins in this treatment since the Aphanizomenon bloom material also contained some Anabaena spp., a genus that has recently been found to produce microcystins in the Baltic Sea (Halinen et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Settling blooms of filamentous cyanobacteria as food for meiofauna assemblages

Nascimento

Karlson

Elmgren

2008

Limnology & Oceanography

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Summer blooms of filamentous nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea are normally dominated by Aphanizomenon sp. and the toxin-producing Nodularia spumigena. In a 2-week laboratory experiment, we followed the uptake by representative benthic meiofauna species of 14 C-labeled organic carbon from blooms, each dominated by one of these cyanobacteria. Natural bloom material was collected and labeled by incubation with NaH 14 CO 3 . Uptake of cyanobacterial carbon was recorded for the major meiofauna taxa living in the firstcentimeter layer, namely ostracods, harpacticoids, and nematodes. The uptake rates were within the range found for diatoms in other studies, indicating that cyanobacteria may be an important food resource for the meiobenthos. The uptake of cyanobacterial carbon varied significantly among species, even within the same class. The ostracod Candona neglecta showed the highest uptake values, whereas two other ostracod species took up very little of the label. There was no significant difference in utilization of carbon from Aphanizomenon sp. and N. spumigena and no reduction in the abundance of the meiofaunal taxa analyzed compared to unexposed controls, indicating that Baltic meiofaunal assemblages in general experience no mortality when exposed to settled cyanobacteria, even the hepatotoxic N. spumigena.

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Direct Evidence for Production of Microcystins by Anabaena Strains from the Baltic Sea

Cited by 72 publications

References 43 publications

An overview of diversity, occurrence, genetics and toxin production of bloom-forming Dolichospermum (Anabaena) species

An overview of diversity, occurrence, genetics and toxin production of bloom-forming Dolichospermum (Anabaena) species

Planktonic and benthic cyanobacteria of European brackish waters: a perspective on estuaries and brackish seas

Settling blooms of filamentous cyanobacteria as food for meiofauna assemblages

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