Direct generation of 3D structures by laser polymer deposition

Thiele, Magnus; Kutlu, Yunus; Dobbelstein, Henrik; Petermann, Marcus; Esen, Cemal; Ostendorf, Andreas

doi:10.2351/7.0000166

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…One of the technologies that could be combined with high-pressure CO 2 technologies is the laser-based additive manufacturing of polymer components, which is an established process in the automotive industry, among others. Unfortunately, most applications are limited to polyamides, as other polymers are hardly offered as suitable particle systems [ 151 ]. Sc-CO 2 can be used to produce spherical particles from other polymers in the size range required for additive manufacturing.…”

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Processing of Neat Poly(lactic acid) Using Carbon Dioxide under Elevated Pressure for Preparation of Advanced Materials: A Review (2012–2022)

et al. 2023

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This review provides a concise overview of up-to-date developments in the processing of neat poly(lactic acid) (PLA), improvement in its properties, and preparation of advanced materials using a green medium (CO2 under elevated pressure). Pressurized CO2 in the dense and supercritical state is a superior alternative medium to organic solvents, as it is easily available, fully recyclable, has easily tunable properties, and can be completely removed from the final material without post-processing steps. This review summarizes the state of the art on PLA drying, impregnation, foaming, and particle generation by the employment of dense and supercritical CO2 for the development of new materials. An analysis of the effect of processing methods on the final material properties was focused on neat PLA and PLA with an addition of natural bioactive components. It was demonstrated that CO2-assisted processes enable the control of PLA properties, reduce operating times, and require less energy compared to conventional ones. The described environmentally friendly processing techniques and the versatility of PLA were employed for the preparation of foams, aerogels, scaffolds, microparticles, and nanoparticles, as well as bioactive materials. These PLA-based materials can find application in tissue engineering, drug delivery, active food packaging, compostable packaging, wastewater treatment, or thermal insulation, among others.

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Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Processing of Neat Poly(lactic acid) Using Carbon Dioxide under Elevated Pressure for Preparation of Advanced Materials: A Review (2012–2022)

et al. 2023

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“…In addition to the consolidation of functional coatings, building up 3D parts by DED-LB/P was demonstrated in previous studies [14]- [16]. The fabricated polyamide 12 (PA12) [14], [15] and TPU [16] structures indicate a high level of roughness and poor mechanical properties, which are attributed to partially molten particles and a high porosity. Furthermore, an important point to note is that common near-infrared (NIR) laser beam sources in the wavelength range between 0.9 µm and 1.1 µm were used in the aforementioned studies about DED-LB/P.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…In particular, the admixture of polytetrafluoroethylene and molyb-denum disulfide powders to the feedstock was a purposeful approach [12], [13]. In addition to the consolidation of functional coatings, building up 3D parts by DED-LB/P was demonstrated in previous studies [14]- [16]. The fabricated polyamide 12 (PA12) [14], [15] and TPU [16] structures indicate a high level of roughness and poor mechanical properties, which are attributed to partially molten particles and a high porosity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Furthermore, an important point to note is that common near-infrared (NIR) laser beam sources in the wavelength range between 0.9 µm and 1.1 µm were used in the aforementioned studies about DED-LB/P. As polymers exhibit a high transparency in this wavelength range, the thermoplastic feedstocks were modified with additives (carbon black [12], [16], multi-walled carbon nanotubes [14], [15]) to ensure a sufficient laser absorption. However, the addition of these additives affects the transmission properties of DILs, which inhibits the use in millimeter wave applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feasibility of Manufacturing Dielectric Image Lines by Using Laser-Based Directed Energy Deposition of Polymers

Wittmann,

Bader,

Chamandani

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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The laser-based directed energy deposition of polymers (DED-LB/P) is an additive manufacturing process which offers the possibility to build up 3D structures with a high level of individualization on free-form surfaces. In this article, an absorber free DED-LB/P process with a thulium-doped fiber laser is presented for the first time to produce dielectric image lines (DIL) consisting of polypropylene (PP) for high frequency applications. This type of transmission line has advantages over the commonly used stripline technology due to its low signal attenuation, especially at high frequencies, but is currently hardly found in mass-market applications because no suitable manufacturing technology has been established for it yet. The steadily increasing demand of higher bandwidth in telecommunication or increased resolution of radar sensors leads to higher application frequencies and alternative interconnect technologies will become more important as they significantly define the achievable overall system performance. Based on the fabricated low-loss DILs in this study, DED-LB/P could represent such an alternative manufacturing process for future RF-applications.

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“…In the earlier stage of FDM, the printing potential was limited by a small selection of thermoplastic filament materials [ 61 ]. Fortunately, with an increasing variety of filament materials offering a wide range of physical, mechanical, and electronic properties, FDM is now highly compatible with a wider range of materials, including acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) [ 62 , 63 , 64 ], polycaprolactone (PCL) [ 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 ], polylactic acid (PLA) [ 69 , 70 , 71 ], nylon [ 72 , 73 , 74 ], polypropylene (PP) [ 75 , 76 , 77 ], thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) [ 78 , 79 ], polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) [ 80 , 81 ], high impact polystyrene (HIPS) [ 82 , 83 ], and composite filaments [ 84 ]. Therefore, multi-material 3D printing using FDM has drawn growing interest in recent years.…”

Section: Systematic Review Of Current Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientometric Analysis and Systematic Review of Multi-Material Additive Manufacturing of Polymers

et al. 2021

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Multi-material additive manufacturing of polymers has experienced a remarkable increase in interest over the last 20 years. This technology can rapidly design and directly fabricate three-dimensional (3D) parts with multiple materials without complicating manufacturing processes. This research aims to obtain a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the current state of research and reveal challenges and opportunities for future research in the area. To achieve the goal, this study conducts a scientometric analysis and a systematic review of the global research published from 2000 to 2021 on multi-material additive manufacturing of polymers. In the scientometric analysis, a total of 2512 journal papers from the Scopus database were analyzed by evaluating the number of publications, literature coupling, keyword co-occurrence, authorship, and countries/regions activities. By doing so, the main research frame, articles, and topics of this research field were quantitatively determined. Subsequently, an in-depth systematic review is proposed to provide insight into recent advances in multi-material additive manufacturing of polymers in the aspect of technologies and applications, respectively. From the scientometric analysis, a heavy bias was found towards studying materials in this field but also a lack of focus on developing technologies. The future trend is proposed by the systematic review and is discussed in the directions of interfacial bonding strength, printing efficiency, and microscale/nanoscale multi-material 3D printing. This study contributes by providing knowledge for practitioners and researchers to understand the state of the art of multi-material additive manufacturing of polymers and expose its research needs, which can serve both academia and industry.

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Direct generation of 3D structures by laser polymer deposition

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Green Processing of Neat Poly(lactic acid) Using Carbon Dioxide under Elevated Pressure for Preparation of Advanced Materials: A Review (2012–2022)

Green Processing of Neat Poly(lactic acid) Using Carbon Dioxide under Elevated Pressure for Preparation of Advanced Materials: A Review (2012–2022)

Feasibility of Manufacturing Dielectric Image Lines by Using Laser-Based Directed Energy Deposition of Polymers

Scientometric Analysis and Systematic Review of Multi-Material Additive Manufacturing of Polymers

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