Direct Generation of Cylindrical Vector Beam from Nd:YAG Laser Cavity

Kozawa, Yuichi; Yoneyama, Toshio; Sato, Shunichi

doi:10.1109/cleopr.2005.1569552

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In this technique, the resonator is made polarization selective by a binary dielectric diffraction grating which is etched at the backsurface of the mirror substrate. Use of calcite crystal [476], windows [477], axicon [478], polarization selective grating mirror [479], image rotating mirror arrangement [467], polarization selective GIRO (giant reflection to zero order) mirror [473], conical Brewster prism [480], polarization-based beam displacer [481], an undoped c-cut YVO 4 crystal [482], conical prism [483] inside a resonator have been reported for the generation of cylindrical vector beams. Generally, these methods produce positive index V-point singularities.…”

Section: Literature Survey Of Phase and Polarization Singularitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Singularities to Polarization Singularities

Ruchi

Senthilkumaran

Pal

2020

International Journal of Optics

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Polarization singularities are superpositions of orbital angular momentum (OAM) states in orthogonal circular polarization basis. The intrinsic OAM of light beams arises due to the helical wavefronts of phase singularities. In phase singularities, circulating phase gradients and, in polarization singularities, circulating ϕ12 Stokes phase gradients are present. At the phase and polarization singularities, undefined quantities are the phase and ϕ12 Stokes phase, respectively. Conversion of circulating phase gradient into circulating Stokes phase gradient reveals the connection between phase (scalar) and polarization (vector) singularities. We demonstrate this by theoretically and experimentally generating polarization singularities using phase singularities. Furthermore, the relation between scalar fields and Stokes fields and the singularities in each of them is discussed. This paper is written as a tutorial-cum-review-type article keeping in mind the beginners and researchers in other areas, yet many of the concepts are given novel explanations by adopting different approaches from the available literature on this subject.

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Section: Literature Survey Of Phase and Polarization Singularitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Singularities to Polarization Singularities

Ruchi

Senthilkumaran

Pal

2020

International Journal of Optics

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“…Here, one can clearly see how our method provides correct information which Stokes polarimetry fails to provide. Although V-points [20][21][22][23][24] and higher index C-points 57,60 can be experimentally generated, they are not stable and tend to disintegrate under strong perturbation. In the experimental figures we observed that the S 3 values are very low around V-points indicating that there is no split.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of degenerate Stokes index states

Arora

Deepa

Khan

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Stokes phase is the phase difference between orthogonal component states in the decomposition of any polarization state. Phase singularities in the Stokes phase distribution are Stokes singularities of an inhomogeneous polarization distribution. Under circular decomposition, Stokes phase distribution $$(\phi _{12})$$ ( ϕ 12 ) represents polarization azimuth $$(\gamma )$$ ( γ ) distribution and the singularities present in it are polarization singularities. Therefore, the charge of the Stokes vortices depicted as Stokes index $$\sigma _{12}$$ σ 12 is an important parameter associated with the polarization singularity. The Hybrid order Poincaré sphere (HyOPS)/Higher order Poincaré sphere (HOPS) beams, all having same Stokes index, contain a Stokes singularity at the center of the beam as these beams are constructed by vortex superposition. These beams, being superposition of orthogonal orbital angular momentum (OAM) states in orthogonal spin angular momentum (SAM) states can offer great multiplexing capabilities in communication. In this article, we identify these degenerate Stokes index states and discuss the ways and means of lifting this degeneracy. Otherwise, there are limitations on intensity based detection techniques, where demultiplexing or segregation of different HOPS/HyOPS beams is warranted. The method adduced here uses the diffraction of these beams through an equilateral triangular aperture in combination with polarization transformation as a probe to lift the Stokes index/Stokes phase degeneracy. Successively, the novelty of the detection scheme is discussed in the context of beams with alike polarization distributions where even the technique of Stokes polarimetry fails to predict the OAM and SAM content of the beam.

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“…Mushiake and coworkers used a conical dielectric element [9] and Pohl inserted a calcite crystal in a ruby laser resonator [10] to favor the radially polarized mode. Today the most widely used intra-cavity elements are grating mirrors [11], Brewster axicons [2], dual conical prisms [12], and birefringent elements [13]. Most of them are applicable in solid state as well as in fiber or gas laser cavities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing ultrafast phenomena with radially polarized light

2016

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A new modality for probing ultrafast phenomena that relies on radially or azimuthally polarized probe pulses is presented. First, we describe the principle and then theoretically analyze the signals expected for different types of pump-induced nonlinearities. Last, we experimentally verify the methodology by probing a pump-induced Kerr gate with a time-delayed radially polarized probe pulse. In general, we find excellent agreement between the simulated and measured results.

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Direct Generation of Cylindrical Vector Beam from Nd:YAG Laser Cavity

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

Phase Singularities to Polarization Singularities

Phase Singularities to Polarization Singularities

Detection of degenerate Stokes index states

Probing ultrafast phenomena with radially polarized light

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