Direct injection nebulizer with replaceable capillary for micro samples analysis by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry

Maldonado, Domingo; Chirinos, José; Benzo, Zully; Marcano, Eunice; Gómez, Clara; Salas, Janeth; Quintal, Manuelita; D’Suze, Gina

doi:10.1007/s00604-007-0886-9

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Recently, Todoli and Mermet (2006) reviewed the different types of sample introduction systems that are available for the introduction of liquid microsamples into the ICP. Based on Maldonado et al (2008), there are two categories of low-flow nebulizers are available for the introduction of liquid microsample into plasma: (i) pneumatic micronebulizer equipped with a spray chamber, such as high efficiency nebulizer (Liu et al, 1996;Pozebon et al, 2008), microconcentric nebulizer (De Wit & Blust, 1998), Micromist nebulizer (Pozebon et al, 2008) and total consumption nebulizer (Schaumlöffel, Encinar, & Lobiski, 2003) and (ii) direct injection micronebulizer, such as direct injection nebulizer (Wang & Hansen, 2001) and direct injection high efficiency nebulizer (Acon, McLean, & Montaser, 2001). Since Schaumlöffel, Encinar, and Lobiski (2003) combined a total consumption micronebulizer with a single-pass low-volume spray chamber, there is a growing trend towards the use of total consumption systems as the interfacing device for the introduction of liquid microsamples into plasma (Todoli & Mermet, 2006).…”

Section: Atomic Spectrometric Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivomonitoring of the transfer kinetics of trace elements in animal brains with hyphenated inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry techniques

Su¹,

Sun²,

Tzeng³

et al. 2009

Mass Spectrom. Rev.

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The roles of metal ions to sustain normal function and to cause dysfunction of neurological systems have been confirmed by various studies. However, because of the lack of adequate analytical method to monitor the transfer kinetics of metal ions in the brain of a living animal, research on the physiopathological roles of metal ions in the CNS remains in its early stages and more analytical efforts are still needed. To explicitly model the possible links between metal ions and physiopathological alterations, it is essential to develop in vivo monitoring techniques that can bridge the gap between metalloneurochemistry and neurophysiopathology. Although inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a very powerful technique for multiple trace element analyses, when dealing with chemically complex microdialysis samples, the detection capability is largely limited by instrumental sensitivity, selectivity, and contamination that arise from the experimental procedure. As a result, in recent years several high efficient and clean on-line sample pretreatment systems have been developed and combined with microdialysis and ICP-MS for the continuous and in vivo determination of the concentration-time profiles of metal ions in the extracellular space of rat brain. This article reviews the research relevant to the development of analytical techniques for the in vivo determination of dynamic variation in the concentration levels of metal ions in a living animal.

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Section: Atomic Spectrometric Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivomonitoring of the transfer kinetics of trace elements in animal brains with hyphenated inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry techniques

Su¹,

Sun²,

Tzeng³

et al. 2009

Mass Spectrom. Rev.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, hyphenated systems of micro-or nano-flow separation techniques (i.e. capillary electrophoresis (CE) and capillary liquid chromatography (LC)) and ICP-MS have been applied as powerful tools to speciation analysis of trace element, [7][8][9][10][11] quantification of proteins 12,13 and nucleic acids. [13][14][15][16] For the quantification and speciation analysis of a low volume sample, a special device that can efficiently introduce an analyte into the plasma without deterioration of separation efficiency is required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Common sample introduction device is designed for the sample introduction flow rate of 0.1 to 2 mL min À1 and thus has a large void volume. Several alternative devices have been developed for micro-or nano-flow sample introduction to ICP-MS. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] There are two types of devices. The ''direct injection nebulizer (DIN) device'' is positioned at the base of the plasma without a spray chamber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High performance concentric nebulizer for low-flow rate liquid sample introduction to ICP-MS

Inagaki

Fujii

Takatsu

et al. 2011

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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A high performance concentric nebulizer (HPCN) was developed for sample introduction to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) at liquid flow rates of less than 10 mL min À1 . The HPCN has a triple tube concentric structure and consists of a concentric type nebulizer body and a fused silica glass capillary (i.d./o.d.: 50 mm/150 mm) mounted in the center of the nebulizer body as a sample introduction capillary. The nebulizing performance was greatly improved by tapering the liquid capillary (tip orifice i.d.: 20 mm, tip wall thickness: <8 mm) and by setting the liquid capillary tip at a proper position. When the set position was recessed by 25 mm to 50 mm with respect to the nebulizer nozzle tip, a liquid jet was produced inside the nozzle by a flow focusing effect. This phenomenon gives a fine aerosol generation. At a liquid flow rate of 5 mL min À1 and a nebulizer gas flow rate of 1 L min À1 , the Sauter mean diameter D 3,2 of the primary drops generated by the HPCN (2.4 mm) was almost the same as that generated by the HEN-120-A.01 (2.6 mm) and was smaller than those generated by the HEN-90-A.01 (4.6 mm), CEI-100 (5.9 mm), and AriMist-HP (6.3 mm). The sensitivity in ICP-MS with the HPCN was over two-fold higher than those with the other microflow nebulizers, except for the HEN-120-A.01. The HEN-120-A.01 provides almost the same sensitivity as the HPCN, but it requires two-fold higher gas pressure than the HPCN. The HPCN can continuously and stably nebulize 1% NaCl solution for over 8 h without clogging. The HPCN combined with an on-axis cylinder chamber was applied to capillary liquid chromatography-ICP-MS, by which the speciation of eight arsenic compounds was demonstrated. We concluded the HPCN is a useful nebulizer for less than 10 mL min À1 sample introduction to ICP-MS.

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“…Capillaries can also be stiffened with PEEK tubing or a thin metallic needle and centered through a sapphire orifice but this increases the nebulizer complexity. [16][17][18] We propose to study the performances of a pneumatic glass nebulizer which has been modified in a reversible way to efficiently spray 1 mL min À1 of liquid. More precisely, the study detailed here consists of selecting not a narrow-bore nebulizer but, on the contrary, a commercial glass concentric slurry nebulizer providing a liquid capillary inner diameter wide enough to introduce a fused-silica capillary tubing transporting the low-volume liquid sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of design and operating parameters of pneumatic concentric nebulizer on micro-flow aerosol characteristics and ICP-MS analytical performances

Geertsen

Lemaître

Tabarant

et al. 2012

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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This paper describes the development of a very simple micro-flow pneumatic ICPMS nebulizing solution based on a commercial glass concentric slurry nebulizer and a fused-silica capillary. It appears as a well-performing, low cost system able to nebulize efficiently at a low liquid flow rate (40 000 cps for a 1 ppb 238 U solution at 1 mL min À1 ). Experimentally, it provides a practical set-up for studying the influence of not only operating conditions (liquid and gas flow rates, temperature) but also nebulizer design (nozzle configuration, capillary tip shape, capillary inner diameter). More precisely it allows the study of liquid-capillary-tip to gas-exit stick-out, i.e. recessed position (e < 0), coplanar liquid and gas exits (e ¼ 0) or liquid protruding configuration (e > 0) in combination with various liquid capillary inner diameters or tip shapes. This investigation brings out several practical results even if the relation between the primary aerosol characteristics (studied by three complementary techniques (PIV, shadowgraphy and ILIDS)) and the ICPMS signal measured on a tertiary aerosol is not easy to establish precisely. These results are systematically compared to the literature data, replacing them in a more global perspective. It highlights the prime importance of the nozzle configuration i.e. stick-out and liquid capillary inner diameter. The stick-out (e) parameter is of crucial importance both for the primary spray homogeneity in terms of droplet velocity distribution and for tertiary signal intensity and stability but shows no influence on the oxide ratio or on the droplet size distribution. This last characteristic may not be the most relevant criterion for low liquid uptake nebulizers, contrary to millilitre flow-rate ones. The authors hypothesize that this may be linked to the evaporation capacity of the nebulising gas largely exceeding the liquid uptake, creating a fundamentally different situation for the two types of nebulizers. This study also displays the interest of using a flat-end capillary instead of a tapered end which is the solution most commonly employed, and it highlights the existence of an optimum nozzle configuration (e > 0) in terms of sensitivity and stability, that is dependent on the capillary inner diameter.

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Direct injection nebulizer with replaceable capillary for micro samples analysis by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

In vivomonitoring of the transfer kinetics of trace elements in animal brains with hyphenated inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry techniques

In vivomonitoring of the transfer kinetics of trace elements in animal brains with hyphenated inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry techniques

High performance concentric nebulizer for low-flow rate liquid sample introduction to ICP-MS

Influence of design and operating parameters of pneumatic concentric nebulizer on micro-flow aerosol characteristics and ICP-MS analytical performances

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