Direct Intermolecular Force Measurements between Functional Groups and Individual Metallic or Semiconducting Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Thong, Ya Xuan; Poon, Yin Fun; Chen, Tzu-Yin; Li, Lain‐Jong; Chan-Park, Mary B.

doi:10.1002/smll.201302084

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The commonality between the CR and SANS molecules is that they both contain naphthalene–sulfonate groups. The naphthalene rings enhance the adsorption of met-SWNTs onto the beads due to the π–π stacking between the free electrons of the aromatic rings and extended π electrons in the more polarizable met-SWNTs. , The SANS modification results in higher-purity sorting than the CR modification (Figure A) because the simple naphthalene-sulfonate structure of SANS avoids the complicated and unknown effects from the conjugated azo bonds and the primary amine groups of the CR molecules.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Surface Charge Sign Reversal on Metallic Carbon Nanotubes for Facile Ultrahigh Purity Nanotube Sorting

et al. 2016

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Semiconducting (semi-) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) must be purified of their metallic (met-) counterparts for most applications including nanoelectronics, solar cells, chemical sensors, and artificial skins. Previous bulk sorting techniques are based on subtle contrasts between properties of different nanotube/dispersing agent complexes. We report here a method which directly exploits the nanotube band structure differences. For the heterogeneous redox reaction of SWNTs with oxygen/water couple, the aqueous pH can be tuned so that the redox kinetics is determined by the availability of nanotube electrons only at/near the Fermi level, as predicted quantitatively by the Marcus-Gerischer (MG) theory. Consequently, met-SWNTs oxidize much faster than semi-SWNTs and only met-SWNTs selectively reverse the sign of their measured surface zeta potential from negative to positive at the optimized acidic pH when suspended with nonionic surfactants. By passing the redox-reacted nanotubes through anionic hydrogel beads, we isolate semi-SWNTs to record high electrically verified purity above 99.94% ± 0.04%. This facile charge sign reversal (CSR)-based sorting technique is robust and can sort SWNTs with a broad diameter range.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Surface Charge Sign Reversal on Metallic Carbon Nanotubes for Facile Ultrahigh Purity Nanotube Sorting

et al. 2016

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“…The detailed growth condition can be found in the Methods Section. The nanoscale mechanical behaviors have been studied using Quantitative Nanomechanical Property Mapping (QNM) technique based on the AFM setup with a spatial resolution better than 10 nm [35][36][37] . The effective modulus is calculated by extrapolating the retraction curve close to the contact point and using a Derjaguin-Muller-Toporov (DMT) model 38 as shown in supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Switching of Nanoscale Multiferroic Phase Boundaries

Wang

et al. 2015

Adv Funct Materials

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Tuning the lattice degree of freedom in nanoscale functional crystals is critical to exploit the emerging functionalities such as piezoelectricity, shape-memory effect, or piezomagnetism, which are attributed to the intrinsic lattice-polar or lattice-spin coupling. Here it is reported that a mechanical probe can be a dynamic tool to switch the ferroic orders at the nanoscale multiferroic phase boundaries in BiFeO 3 with a phase mixture, where the material can be reversibly transformed between the "soft" tetragonal-like and the "hard" rhombohedrallike structures. The microscopic origin of the nonvolatile mechanical switching of the multiferroic phase boundaries, coupled with a reversible 180{\deg} rotation of the in-plane ferroelectric polarization, is the nanoscale pressure-induced elastic deformation and reconstruction of the spontaneous strain gradient across the multiferroic phase boundaries. The reversible control of the room-temperature multiple ferroic orders using a pure mechanical stimulus may bring us a new pathway to achieve the potential energy conversion and sensing applications

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“…The AFM probe functionalization procedure is the same as that of the reported . Gold coated AFM probes (Multi75GB-G, Budget Sensors) were cleaned by immersing in hot Piranha solution for 90 s and then rinsing extensively with DI water followed by either ethanol (absolute), N , N -dimethylformamide (DMF), or DI water (depending on the functionalization to be performed) and then drying under Ar.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemical force microscopy (CFM), which is a variation of the atomic force microscopy (AFM), is a versatile technique for exploring the interfacial interactions between two surfaces. , Previously, we have shown that CFM technique is sensitive enough to differentiate the noncovalent interaction forces between a functionalized CFM tip and M SWNTs versus S SWNTs …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Chemical Force Microscopy for Finding Selective Functional Groups for Discriminating Different Electronic Type Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Wang

Thong

Wang

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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We recently reported a noncovalent chemistry bead-based method that can sort single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) to ultrahigh purity. The method is based on the higher affinity of functionalized agarose beads for M(etallic) carbon nanotubes in acidic pH versus S(emiconducting) SWNTs based on the selective charge reversal of metallic carbon nanotubes. However, fundamental understanding of the relative selective affinity of various functional groups for certain electronic type nanotubes remains somewhat lacking. We show that the chemical force microscopy (CFM) technique can measure the subtle differences between various common functional groups (such as −NH2, −OH, −SO3H/–SO3 –Na+, −NO2, etc.) and the different electronic types of SWNTs. We show that the amine-functionalized alkane has significantly higher interaction forces with S SWNTs. On the other hand, SO3 –Na+- and NO2-functionalized naphthalene show significantly higher interaction forces with M SWNTs compared with S SWNTs; the −SO3H substitution on an alkane, however, shows no significant selectivity for any single electronic type of SWNTs. We discovered two novel molecules (sodium 4-amino-1-naphthalenesulfonate and 1-amino-4-nitronaphthalene) that are able to have significantly higher interaction force with M SWNTs and provide complete electronic type discrimination over the entire nanotube diameter range. We also show that the CFM platform can be applied to distinguish between M or S tubes from an as-grown SWNTs mixture in air. The platform can also be applied for studying the effect of solvent (water) on the selectivity. It is anticipated that our new CFM method using functionalized tips will be able to accelerate the development of noncovalent separation strategies for improved nanotube electronic type separation.

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Direct Intermolecular Force Measurements between Functional Groups and Individual Metallic or Semiconducting Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Cited by 8 publications

References 44 publications

Selective Surface Charge Sign Reversal on Metallic Carbon Nanotubes for Facile Ultrahigh Purity Nanotube Sorting

Selective Surface Charge Sign Reversal on Metallic Carbon Nanotubes for Facile Ultrahigh Purity Nanotube Sorting

Mechanical Switching of Nanoscale Multiferroic Phase Boundaries

Application of Chemical Force Microscopy for Finding Selective Functional Groups for Discriminating Different Electronic Type Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

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