Direct laser deposition with different types of 316L steel particle: A comparative study of final part properties

Pinkerton, Andrew J.

doi:10.1177/0954405413475961

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The Micro Vickers maps of the circular contour samples are reported in Figure 7. Similar hardness values were obtained by Mahmood et al, who investigated the relation between 316L LMD hardness and the building parameters [21].…”

Section: Analysis Of the Deposition Strategysupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Zhang et al have investigated the properties of stainless steel 316 LMD samples and demonstrated that the hardness of the deposited material is higher than the substrate one and that it strongly depends on the location within the sample [20]. Moreover, Mahmood et al reported that the hardness of the LMD samples is not only influenced by the building parameters but also by the particle size of the powder used [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Process Parameters and Deposition Strategy on Laser Metal Deposition of 316L Powder

Mazzucato

Aversa

Doglione

et al. 2019

Metals

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In blown powder additive manufacturing technologies the geometrical stability of the built parts is more complex with respect to more conventional powder bed processes. Because of this reason, in order to select the most suitable building parameters, it is important to investigate the shape and the properties of the single metal bead formation and the effect that a scan track has on the nearby ones. In the present study, a methodology to identify an appropriate laser metal deposition process window was introduced, and the effect of the building parameters on the geometry of circular steel samples was investigated. The effect of the scanning strategy on the deposited part was also investigated. This work draws the attention to the importance of the obtainment of the most suitable melt pool shape, demonstrating that the laser power and the scanning strategy have a strong influence not only on the shape but also on the mechanical properties of the final component.

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Section: Analysis Of the Deposition Strategysupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Process Parameters and Deposition Strategy on Laser Metal Deposition of 316L Powder

Mazzucato

Aversa

Doglione

et al. 2019

Metals

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“…Both the processing parameters and powder characteristics affect the quality and densification of a part (Amine et al, 2014) (Mahmood et al, 2013). The processing parameters that can affect the microstructure and properties include: powder feed rate, scanning speed, laser power, idle time, hatch pattern, laser height and more (Amine et al, 2014) (Yadolahhi et al, 2015) .…”

Section: Optimise the Processing Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These materials are used in a powder form that is typically produced by water, gas or plasma atomisation (Herzog, 2016). Different powders are produced with varying composition, particle morphology and particle size, which will all affect the quality of the AM part (Mahmood et al, 2013). Most powders used by AM have been developed for other applications, for example powder sintering and compaction (Höganäs, 2015).…”

Section: Materials For Ammentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation into the effect of subsequent layer addition on the microstructure and properties of previous layers during direct laser deposition of 316L stainless steel

Robinson¹

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is a new and emerging technology in which further research is needed in order to make the most of its potential and unique benefits compared to conventional manufacturing. This current work helps to develop an understanding of AM processes by investigating the effect of subsequent layer addition on previous layers during direct laser deposition. As subsequent layers are added to a part, heat is transferred into previous layers, which may change the microstructure and properties of the pervious layers.There is no current research into the effect of these reheating cycles. In this work a new and innovative approach is used in which samples of different numbers of layers are produced and analysed, allowing the effect of reheating due to subsequent layer addition to be individually investigated. A LENS 450 system is used to produce samples of various numbers of layers (2 layer, 3 layer, 4 layer etc.) and the microstructure and hardness of the same layer in different samples is compared. Before the main research was performed the processing parameters were optimised for the LENS 450 system. It was determined that a powder feed rate of 5rpm, scanning speed of 18ipm and laser power of 300W produced the best component for this system, with a minimum amount of porosity. The optimum sample had only 0.34% porosity and a hardness of 203HV ± 23HV. The overall outcome of the work was that a generation of new knowledge about direct laser deposition processes was obtained, which will thus help in future development and control of AM processes. It was concluded that there was no significant change in properties with the subsequent layer addition due to the austenitic stainless steel exhibiting no phase changes on heating or cooling, which is a property unique to the austenitic stainless steels. END ii Acknowledgement

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Combinatorial Alloy Design by Laser Additive Manufacturing

Knoll

Ocylok

Weisheit

et al. 2016

steel research int.

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The authors uses laser additive manufacturing (LAM) as a combinatorial method for synthesizing microstructurally and compositionally piecewise graded bulk alloys. Authors fabricate blocks consisting of a sequence of %500 mm thick tool steel layers, each with different chemical composition, by laser metal deposition where alloy powders are deposited layer-wise on a substrate. The reference materials are a Cr-Mo-V hot working tool steel and a Ni-based maraging steel. The layers between them consist of corresponding blends of the two materials with varying composition from layer to layer (alloy volume fractions 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, and 20:80). The bulk alloy is hot rolled and heat treated. Subsequently each layer is characterized for microstructure, chemical composition and mechanical properties using electron back scatter diffraction, tensile testing, and indentation. The approach is an efficient high-throughput method enabling rapid probing of novel compositional alloy blends. It can be applied for finding new alloys both, by LAM and for LAM. For the tool steel blends synthesized here, authors observe that the Cr-Mo-V tool steel, when mixed with the Ni-base maraging steel, can be continuously tuned for a strength-ductility profile in the range of 800-1650 MPa strength and 15-25% tensile elongation.

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Direct laser deposition with different types of 316L steel particle: A comparative study of final part properties

Cited by 32 publications

References 34 publications

Influence of Process Parameters and Deposition Strategy on Laser Metal Deposition of 316L Powder

Influence of Process Parameters and Deposition Strategy on Laser Metal Deposition of 316L Powder

Investigation into the effect of subsequent layer addition on the microstructure and properties of previous layers during direct laser deposition of 316L stainless steel

Combinatorial Alloy Design by Laser Additive Manufacturing

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