Direct laser interference patterning of stainless steel by ultrashort pulses for antibacterial surfaces

Peter, Alexander; Lutey, Adrian H. A.; Faas, Sebastian; Romoli, Luca; Onuseit, Volkher; Graf, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2019.105954

Cited by 62 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In fact, previous literature has already pointed out the repelling effect of surface topographies exhibiting feature sizes smaller than the scale of single bacteria cells. [28,31] These results complement the SEM observations discussed earlier which are illustrated in Figure 4.…”

Section: Bacterial Attachment During Surface Wettingsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…[25] The actual relation between topographic roughness/structuring to bacterial size was indeed proven to play a major role in bacterial adhesion in various studies, where topographic features matching the size of the tested bacteria enhance attachment, while lower feature sizes reduce it, which lead to sometimes contrary effectivity of a specific surface topography against different bacterial strains. [26][27][28][29][30][31] Following the approach of topographically induced antimicrobial surface properties further on, a number of natural blueprints like the Cicada and Dragonfly wings are available where prevention of adhesion alters into mechanically triggered killing of bacteria by piercing and structurally damaging the bacterial cell wall when micro-and nanometer-scaled surface structures exhibit high aspect ratios. [32,33] This functional approach was successfully applied many times, so far, also involving more technically oriented surfaces like, for example, black silicon [34] and oxidic nanostructures on Ti surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increasing Antibacterial Efficiency of Cu Surfaces by targeted Surface Functionalization via Ultrashort Pulsed Direct Laser Interference Patterning

Müller

Lößlein

Terriac

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Inter

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Current estimates by the World Health Organization (WHO) suggest that the number of deaths caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria worldwide could rise to ten million per year by 2050, if the current trend continues. [2] One way to fight both critical biofilm formation as well as the spreading of infectious diseases is to reduce the survivability of bacteria on technically and frequently touched contact surfaces, by using actively antimicrobial materials like copper (Cu) and silver (Ag) that are not based on pharmaceutical antibiotics. Here, Cu shows great potential for a wider application, [3,4] looking back to a multi-millennial history of repeated rediscovery of its aseptic properties, [5] while it is also involved as a trace element in central processes of human metabolism. [6] In contrast, Ag exhibits toxicity at low quantities, [7] by which dosing has to be precisely adjusted in case of antimicrobial application to avoid a negative immune response. [8] Due to the toxic effect of released Cu ions, bacteria [9,10] as well as viruses [11] are rapidly killed in both dry and moist environments, when adhering to Cu surfaces. The antimicrobial properties of Cu are closely linked to both the amount of ions released and absorbed by the attacked microorganism, whereby specific effects have to be considered when using Cu as an antimicrobial agent: 1) It Copper (Cu) exhibits great potential for application in the design of antimicrobial contact surfaces aiming to reduce pathogenic contamination in public areas as well as clinically critical environments. However, current application perspectives rely purely on the toxic effect of emitted Cu ions, without considering influences on the interaction of pathogenic microorganisms with the surface to enhance antimicrobial efficiency. In this study, it is investigated on how antibacterial properties of Cu surfaces against Escherichia coli can be increased by tailored functionalization of the substrate surface by means of ultrashort pulsed direct laser interference patterning (USP-DLIP). Surface patterns in the scale range of single bacteria cells are fabricated to purposefully increase bacteria/surface contact area, while parallel modification of the surface chemistry allows to involve the aspect of surface wettability into bacterial attachment and the resulting antibacterial effectivity. The results exhibit a delicate interplay between bacterial adhesion and the expression of antibacterial properties, where a reduction of bacterial cell viability of up to 15-fold can be achieved for E. coli on USP-DLIP surfaces in comparison to smooth Cu surfaces. Thereby, it can be shown how the antimicrobial properties of copper surfaces can be additionally enhanced by targeted surface functionalization.

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Section: Bacterial Attachment During Surface Wettingsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing Antibacterial Efficiency of Cu Surfaces by targeted Surface Functionalization via Ultrashort Pulsed Direct Laser Interference Patterning

Müller

Lößlein

Terriac

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Inter

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[ 30 ] For example, using two interfering beams, a line‐like pattern can be produced, resulting in spatial period resolutions in the micro‐ and submicrometer range. [ 31 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scanner‐Based Direct Laser Interference Patterning on Stainless Steel

et al. 2021

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Direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) so far has been used almost exclusively in combination with mechanical translation stages reaching impressive throughputs for very specific configurations. As an alternative, DLIP modules can be combined with laser scanners, however presenting some limitations in comparison with standard static optical setups due to the limited possible spatial separation between the interfering beams. Herein, the fabrication of periodic microstructures on stainless steel using a galvanometer‐scanner DLIP approach is addressed. Line‐like patterns with spatial periods ranging from 2.9 to 12.8 μm are produced using a nanosecond pulsed laser source operating at a wavelength of 527 nm. The scan fields generated are evaluated with respect to the structure quality and scan field size, with dependence on the spatial period. Furthermore, the correlation between the spatial period, laser fluence, total number of pulses, and resulting structure depth of the line‐like patterns is discussed. In addition, the optimization of process parameters leads to surface patterns with aspect ratios greater than 1. The achievable structuring speeds are determined under consideration of the used number of pulses. Finally, throughputs up to 7.69 cm2 min−1 with less than 0.5 W laser power at a repetition rate of 3.5 kHz are realized.

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“…The lithographic method requires clean-room facilities and multi-step procedure involving complex mask fabrication [ 8 ]. Laser patterning can be a powerful technique for high-resolution surface nano-engineering [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. It is a non-contact, mask-less, and flexible/versatile method with direct generation of micro- and nano-structures called laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs) observed on a wide range of materials, such as semiconductors [ 13 , 14 ], metals and alloys [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ], metal oxides [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ], inorganic compounds [ 24 , 25 ], and polymers [ 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polystyrene Thin Films Nanostructuring by UV Femtosecond Laser Beam: From One Spot to Large Surface

et al. 2021

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In this work, direct irradiation by a Ti:Sapphire (100 fs) femtosecond laser beam at third harmonic (266 nm), with a moderate repetition rate (50 and 1000 Hz), was used to create regular periodic nanostructures upon polystyrene (PS) thin films. Typical Low Spatial Frequency LIPSSs (LSFLs) were obtained for 50 Hz, as well as for 1 kHz, in cases of one spot zone, and also using a line scanning irradiation. Laser beam fluence, repetition rate, number of pulses (or irradiation time), and scan velocity were optimized to lead to the formation of various periodic nanostructures. It was found that the surface morphology of PS strongly depends on the accumulation of a high number of pulses (103 to 107 pulses) at low energy (1 to 20 µJ/pulse). Additionally, heating the substrate from room temperature up to 97 °C during the laser irradiation modified the ripples’ morphology, particularly their amplitude enhancement from 12 nm (RT) to 20 nm. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to image the morphological features of the surface structures. Laser-beam scanning at a chosen speed allowed for the generation of well-resolved ripples on the polymer film and homogeneity over a large area.

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Direct laser interference patterning of stainless steel by ultrashort pulses for antibacterial surfaces

Cited by 62 publications

References 57 publications

Increasing Antibacterial Efficiency of Cu Surfaces by targeted Surface Functionalization via Ultrashort Pulsed Direct Laser Interference Patterning

Increasing Antibacterial Efficiency of Cu Surfaces by targeted Surface Functionalization via Ultrashort Pulsed Direct Laser Interference Patterning

Scanner‐Based Direct Laser Interference Patterning on Stainless Steel

Polystyrene Thin Films Nanostructuring by UV Femtosecond Laser Beam: From One Spot to Large Surface

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