Direct Liquid Cooling of High Flux Micro and Nano Electronic Components

Film dynamics relevant to spray cooling

“…Among the means of exercising this phase-change technology, spray cooling can achieve peak heat fluxes that can be several times higher than saturated pool boiling critical heat flux [1]. Due to this attractive means of enhancing heat transfer, spray cooling has received substantial attention as reported by numerous experimental studies and a few computational investigations.…”

A novel method of energy efficient hotspot-targeted embedded liquid cooling for electronics: An experimental study

“…Liquid heat sinks are now well established as a viable solution for microprocessors cooling. Starting with the early work of Tuckerman and Pease [10], a large body of work has analyzed microchannel liquid cooling including traditional microchannel heat sinks [11], manifold microchannel heat sinks [12][13][14][15][16][17], and spray and jet cooling [18,19]. However, most of these studies have sought to reduce only the maximum chip junction temperature ðT J;max Þ: It is also important that the chip temperature non-uniformity ðDT J;max ¼ T J;max À T J;min Þ is minimized because large temperature gradients cause large gradients of thermal expansion and increase thermal stresses in the chip to substrate or heat sink interface, reduce electronic reliability in regions of high temperature thus causing differential aging, and create circuit imbalances in CMOS devices [8].…”

Droplet Impact and Evaporation on Nanotextured Surface for High Efficient Spray Cooling

“…Consequently, new and novel cooling techniques are of interest. Bar-Cohen et al [1] have reviewed several techniques for direct liquid cooling, such as pool boiling, gas-assisted evaporative cooling, jet impingement, spray cooling and synthetic jets, emphasizing the important implications of a direct liquid approach in the thermal management of hot spots, where heat fluxes can be as high as 1~2 kW/cm 2 . Nanotubes have unique properties as discussed by Berber et al [2] are reported to have measured high thermal conductivities around 6600 W/mK at room temperature for carbon nanotubes.…”