Direct measurement of organic carbon content in soils by the Leco CR‐12 carbon analyzer

Wang, Dunling; Anderson, Daniel W.

doi:10.1080/00103629809369925

Cited by 222 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Electrical conductivity and pH were measured in 1:1 soil:water suspension. The soil organic C content was determined using a LECO CR-12 combustion carbon analyzer (LECO Corporation, St, Joseph, MI, USA) set at 840˝C [26]. Soil total N and P contents were determined by sulfuric acid peroxide digest.…”

Section: Plant and Soil Sample Collection And Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Two Bioenergy Byproducts with Contrasting Carbon Availability to a Prairie Soil: Three-Year Crop Response and Changes in Soil Biological and Chemical Properties

Alotaibi

Schoenau

2016

Agronomy

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Abstract:The bioenergy industry produces a wide range of byproducts varying in their chemical composition depending on type of technology employed. In particular, pyrolysis and transesterification conversion processes generate C-rich byproducts of biochar (BC) and glycerol (GL), respectively, which can be added to soil. These two byproducts vary in their carbon availability, and comparing their effects when added to agricultural soil deserves attention. This study investigated the immediate and residual effects of a single application of BC and GL to a cultivated Brown Chernozem soil from the semi-arid region of southwestern Saskatchewan, Canada. In the first season following addition of amendments, BC and GL alone had no significant impact on all measured parameters. However, when combined with 50 kg urea N¨ha´1 (BC + UR), the yields obtained were similar to those with 100 kg urea N¨ha´1 alone. The GL with urea N (GL + UR) treatment had reduced crop yield and N uptake compared to urea alone in the year of application attributed to N immobilization, but had a positive residual effect in the second year due to remineralization. Both GL and GL + UR treatments enhanced dehydrogenase activity compared to other treatments whereas BC + UR tended to decrease microbial biomass C. The crop and soil response to application of biochar was less than observed in previous studies conducted elsewhere. Direct and residual effects of glycerol addition on the crop were more evident. An application rate greater than 2.8 t¨ha´1 and 3.5 t¨ha´1 for BC and GL, respectively, may be required to induce larger responses.

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Section: Plant and Soil Sample Collection And Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Two Bioenergy Byproducts with Contrasting Carbon Availability to a Prairie Soil: Three-Year Crop Response and Changes in Soil Biological and Chemical Properties

Alotaibi

Schoenau

2016

Agronomy

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“…Gravimetric water contents and bulk density were calculated for each depth increment and were used for calculations of porosity and of water-filled pore space. Soil organic carbon was measured using the LECO CR12 Carbon analyzer (Wang and Anderson 1998). Total soil carbon and nitrogen was measured using dry combustion (at 1100°C) in the LECO CNS 2000 (LECO Corporation, St. Louis, MI).…”

Section: Laboratory Analysis Of Soil Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upscaling chamber-based measurements of N₂O emissions at snowmelt

Pennock¹,

Farrell²,

Desjardins³

et al. 2005

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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I. 2005. Upscaling chamber-based measurements of N 2 O emissions at snowmelt. Can. J. Soil Sci. 85: 113-125. One impediment to accurate national estimation of N 2 O is the difficulty in upscaling N 2 O measurements made at discrete points to larger field and regional scales. Our objective was to estimate N 2 O emissions during snowmelt in 2002 for a township (approximately 92 km 2 ) near Laird, Saskatchewan. Chamber measurements were made at 12 sites in the township: four fields with canola (Brassica napus L.) residues, four with pea (Pisum sativum L.) residues, three with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residues, and one field that received cattle manure. Ten sampling chambers were used at each site, and N 2 O samples were made on 7 d during the snowmelt period (from 2002 Apr. 03 to Apr. 17). Cumulative N 2 O emissions during the 14 days of the snowmelt period differed between crop residue types: cumulative emissions from sites with wheat residues were 105.6 g N 2 O-N ha -1 and were significantly higher (P < 0.1) than those from fields with pea and canola residues (79.6 and 75.2 g N 2 O-N ha -1 respectively). The single manured site assessed had the highest cumulative emissions of 330.7 g N 2 O-N ha -1 . The crop-specific emissions from the chamber-based measurements were multiplied by the area of each crop type in the township to calculate an area-weighted value for emissions. Cumulative emissions were 93.4 g N 2 O-N ha -1 for the chamber-based measurements. Water-filled pore space and soil temperature were not significantly correlated with cumulative emissions. Cumulative emissions from sites with fall nitrate levels below 8.0 kg ha -1 were consistently lower than those above this threshold. The emissions for the Laird township were well below the emissions calculated for most other studies in the Prairies and in central Canada. The lower emissions were probably due to low soil water contents and soil nitrate levels in the fall of 2001 and belownormal snowfall in the winter of [2001][2002]. This reinforces the importance in antecedent moisture conditions and soil N levels for modeling of emissions at snowmelt. For personal use only.

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“…The automatic titration as described by Sakurai et al (1989) used a Metrohm titroprocessor (682 model, Metrohm Ltd., Herisau, Switzerland). The organic carbon content of the Fe oxides was determined with a Leco CR12 C analyzer (Leco Corp., St, Joseph, MI) (Wang and Anderson 1998).…”

Section: Preparation and Characteristics Of Iron Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of phosphate adsorption on iron oxides formed under the influence of citrate

Liu¹,

Huang²

2000

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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. 2000. Kinetics of phosphate adsorption on iron oxides formed under the influence of citrate. Can. J. Soil Sci. 80: [445][446][447][448][449][450][451][452][453][454]. The influence of organic acids on the formation of Fe oxyhydroxides and oxides has been intensively studied. However, scant attention has been paid to the subsequent effect on surface chemistry of the Fe oxides formed. The kinetics and mechanisms of phosphate adsorption by the Fe oxides formed in the presence of citrate ligands at initial citrate/Fe(II) molar ratios (MR) of 0, 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 were investigated using the conventional batch method. The adsorption studies were conducted at the initial phosphate concentration of 0.5 mM and pH 4.0 during the reaction period from 2 min to 56 h at 278, 288, 298, and 313 K. The results show that the phosphate adsorption followed multiple second-order kinetics and had two distinct rates in each reaction system. The amount, rate coefficient, activation energy and pre-exponential factor of phosphate adsorption by the Fe oxides formed greatly varied with their structural and surface properties. These properties, which included crystal structure, specific surface area, surface porosity, surface geometry, and point of zero salt effect (PZSE), differed significantly with the initial citrate/Fe(II) MR at which Fe oxides were formed. The results of this study have cast the light on the role of organic acids such as citric acid in influencing the surface chemistry of naturally occurring Fe oxides through fundamental structural perturbation and the impact on the dynamics of phosphate in terrestrial and aquatic environments.Key words: Kinetics, activation energy, pre-exponential factor, phosphate, iron oxides, citric acid, structural perturbation Liu, C. et Huang, P. M. 2000. Cinétique de l'adsorption des phosphates sur les oxydes de fer formés sous l'influence des citrates. Can. J. Soil Sci. 80: 445-454. Bien que l'influence des acides organiques sur la formation des oxyhydroxydes et des oxydes de fer ait fait l'objet d'études intensives, on s'est peu intéressé à l'effet des oxydes ainsi formés sur la chimie du sol de surface. Nous étudions selon la méthode classique par fractionnement la cinétique et les mécanismes de l'adsorption des phosphates sur les oxydes de Fe formés en présence de ligands de citrate, pour des rapports molaires (RM) citrates/Fe (II) de 0, 001, 0,01 et 0,1. Les études d'adsorption étaient réalisées à la concentration initiale de phosphate de 0,5 mM au pH 4,0 durant des périodes allant de 2 min à 56 h, à 278, 288, 298 et 313 K. Les résultats obtenus montrent que l'adsorption du phosphate suivait une cinétique multiple du second degré comportant deux taux distincts, dans chaque système de réaction. La quantité, le coefficient de taux, l'énergie d'activation et le facteur pré-exponentiel d'adsorption des phosphates sur les oxydes de Fe formés variaient grandement selon les propriétés structurales et les propriétés de surface des oxydes : structure cristalline, surface spécifique, porosité, ...

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Direct measurement of organic carbon content in soils by the Leco CR‐12 carbon analyzer

Cited by 222 publications

References 8 publications

Application of Two Bioenergy Byproducts with Contrasting Carbon Availability to a Prairie Soil: Three-Year Crop Response and Changes in Soil Biological and Chemical Properties

Application of Two Bioenergy Byproducts with Contrasting Carbon Availability to a Prairie Soil: Three-Year Crop Response and Changes in Soil Biological and Chemical Properties

Upscaling chamber-based measurements of N₂O emissions at snowmelt

Kinetics of phosphate adsorption on iron oxides formed under the influence of citrate

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Direct measurement of organic carbon content in soils by the Leco CR‐12 carbon analyzer

Cited by 222 publications

References 8 publications

Application of Two Bioenergy Byproducts with Contrasting Carbon Availability to a Prairie Soil: Three-Year Crop Response and Changes in Soil Biological and Chemical Properties

Application of Two Bioenergy Byproducts with Contrasting Carbon Availability to a Prairie Soil: Three-Year Crop Response and Changes in Soil Biological and Chemical Properties

Upscaling chamber-based measurements of N2O emissions at snowmelt

Kinetics of phosphate adsorption on iron oxides formed under the influence of citrate

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Upscaling chamber-based measurements of N₂O emissions at snowmelt