Direct Measurement of Punch Force During Six Professional Boxing Matches

Pierce, John D.; Reinbold, Kirk A; Lyngard, Barry C; Goldman, Robert; Pastore, Christopher M.

doi:10.2202/1559-0410.1004

Cited by 63 publications

(86 citation statements)

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“…Impact force for a Single maximal boxing punch by elite boxers ranged between 3500 -4800 N (Atha, et al, 1985;Smith, et al, 2000;Walilko, et al, 2005). Punches in competition (in the ring) or simulated combination punches (in the laboratory) produce around half the impact force of Single maximal punches (Pierce, et al, 2006;Smith, 2006;Stojsih, et al, 2008). Although these results are limited they do indicate that not all punch movements are executed in the same way with the same intent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Single maximal versus combination punch kinematics

Piorkowski

Lees

Barton

2011

Sports Biomechanics

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The aim of this study was to determine the influence of punch type (Jab, Cross, Lead Hook and Reverse Hook) and punch modality (Single maximal, 'In-synch' and 'Out of synch' combination) on punch speed and delivery time. Ten competition-standard volunteers performed punches with markers placed on their anatomical landmarks for 3D motion capture with an eight-camera optoelectronic system. Speed and duration between key moments were computed. There were significant differences in contact speed between punch types (F 2, 18, 84.87 = 105.76, P = 0.001) with Lead and Reverse Hooks developing greater speed than Jab and Cross. There were significant differences in contact speed between punch modalities (F 2, 64, 102.87 = 23.52, P = 0.001) with the Single maximal (mean 9.26 ± 2.09 m/s) higher than 'Out of synch' (mean 7.49 ± 2.32 m/s), 'In-synch' left (mean 8.01 ± 2.35 m/s) or right lead (mean 7.97 ± 2.53 m/s). Delivery times were significantly lower for Jab and Cross than Hook. Times were significantly lower 'In-synch' than a Single maximal or 'Out of synch' combination mode. Concluded is that a defender may have more evasiontime than previously reported. This research could be of use to performers and coaches when considering training preparations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Single maximal versus combination punch kinematics

Piorkowski

Lees

Barton

2011

Sports Biomechanics

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“…Heterogeneity was demonstrated in boxers' weight category (Pierce et al, 2006) depending on the combat location, with the psychological factor in performance being pointed out by authorized voices (Warnick & Warnick, 2009). The same authors remarked that previous results and age were determinants to winning, which was supported by our study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lack of correlation between boxers who belong to the same weight category in relation to the force of the impacts, showed the non-specificity by weight category (Pierce et al, 2006). As we saw in figure 2, the appearance of the weight category variable between nodes 3-6, warning of the importance of quality in heavyweight to organize the location of the clashes, did not correspond to the welterweight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Psychological attributes distinguished successful kickboxers (Slimani, Chaabène, Miarka, Franchini, Chamari & Cheour, 2017), the strength of punches in different boxing categories (Pierce, Reinbold, Lyngard, Goldman & Pastore, 2006), a leftoriented fighters' advantage was proved in contact sports (Loffing & Hagemann, 2015). Age, amount of won and lost combats, and the outcome of the preceding fight was predictive of a fight's outcome (Warnick & Warnick, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prescribing of adequate training in boxing (Slimani, Chaabène, Davis, Franchini, Cheour & Chamari, 2017;Cunniffe, Ellison, Loosemore & Cardinale, 2017), the identification of a prior to KO punches formula in heavyweight (Pic-Aguilar, Sánchez-López & BlancoVillaseñor, 2016) as a situational emergency facing task changes (Hristovski, Davids, Araújo & Button, 2006;Gómez, Lago & Pollard, 2013), represent breakthroughs in performance and boxing, but they do not rule out whether height influence in boxing could be considered decisive for a high performance, or whether performance indicators may vary by changing boxers' weight categories (Pierce et al, 2006) or heights.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quality, height, age and home advantage in boxing. [Calidad, altura, edad y la ventaja de boxear en casa].

Pic

2018

Rev. int. cienc. deporte

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The main objective of the present study was the identification of performance indicators in boxing and their impact on the concept of home advantage (HA), among other variables. Professional boxing bouts of the European ranking were selected (N = 522), to generate 1044 units of analysis. ANOVA and T-student analyzes were applied to determine the influence of the difference between boxers in: a) quality, calculated by the number of combats won, opponent's quality, inactivity time, among other indicators; b) height and c) age, depending on the result obtained and the location of the combat. It was also used as an influential variable in the final result. By multivariate analysis (CHAID model), the quality difference between boxers was the most determinant variable (p <.000) to reach the final result, but it was also predictive regarding the combat location (p <.006). The study allowed for revealing determinant effects for the performance in boxing through the crossing of variables and analysis techniques. Suggesting coaches and boxing practitioners to do a thorough review of their training tasks based on the location of their commitments and the boxers' characteristics means they would profit the specificity of each match. The calculation of the risk percentage assumed by professional boxers to achieve success in professional boxing, is one of the practical applications of this research.Key words: boxing; performance; home advantage; result. AbstractCorrespondence/correspondencia: Miguel Pic Universidad de la Laguna. Spain Email: pic.aguilar.90@ull.edu.es El objetivo principal del presente estudio fue la identificación de indicadores de rendimiento en boxeo y su incidencia sobre el concepto de ventaja de jugar en casa (HA), entre otras variables. Fueron seleccionados combates profesionales del ranking Europeo (N=522) dando lugar a 1044 unidades de análisis. Fueron aplicados análisis ANOVA y T-student para determinar la influencia de la diferencia entre boxeadores en: a) calidad, calculada mediante el número de combates ganados, calidad del oponente, tiempo de inactividad, entre otros indicadores; b) altura y c) edad, en función del resultado obtenido y la localización del combate. También empleada esta como variable influyente en el resultado final. Mediante análisis multivariantes (modelo CHAID) la diferencia de calidad entre los boxeadores era la variable más determinante (p <.000) para alcanzar el resultado final, pero también se mostró predictiva en relación a la localización del combate (p<.006). El estudio permitió desvelar efectos determinantes para el rendimiento en boxeo mediante el cruce de variables y técnicas de análisis. Sugerir a entrenadores y practicantes de boxeo a una revisión profunda de sus tareas de entrenamiento en función de la localización de sus compromisos y las características de los boxeadores, es avanzar en la especificidad de cada combate. Calcular porcentajes de riesgo asumibles por boxeadores profesionales para conseguir éxito en boxeo profesional está entre las aplicaciones práctic...

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A damaging punch: Assessment and application of a method to quantify punch performance

et al. 2019

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Measurement of punch performance in a reliable, quantitative manner is relevant to combat sport, military, and concussion research. A punching protocol (3MPT) was developed, based on performance demands of amateur boxing, and evaluated on a custom‐built punch integrator (PI). PI reliability and accuracy were assessed by calculating TE and CV for a range of known masses. A within‐subject, repeated‐measures design assessed the test‐retest reliability of 3MPT. Fifteen male boxers (17.5 ± 0.5 years; 177.5 ± 9.5 cm; 73.0 ± 14.0 kg) were familiarized and then completed two 3MPT trials 90 minutes apart on 2 days (total of four tests). Peak punch force (N), relative punch force (N/kg), impulse (N·s), and rate of force development calculated to various time points were compared using a linear mixed model. Smallest worthwhile change (SWC) was also computed. PI data were reliable and accurate (CV <0.1%). TE and SWC comparisons revealed that 3MPT can detect moderate and large changes in performance; however, within‐day reliability improved from day 1 (3.1%‐13.8%) to 2 (2.3%‐5.1%) indicating a possible learning effect. Likewise, differences between test one and two were greater on day 1 than 2. Numerous punch‐related variables can be accurately and reliably measured using the 3MPT but repeat‐trial familiarization is suggested to reduce between‐test variability.

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Direct Measurement of Punch Force During Six Professional Boxing Matches

Cited by 63 publications

References 0 publications

Single maximal versus combination punch kinematics

Single maximal versus combination punch kinematics

Quality, height, age and home advantage in boxing. [Calidad, altura, edad y la ventaja de boxear en casa].

A damaging punch: Assessment and application of a method to quantify punch performance

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