Direct measurements of upper ocean currents and water properties across the tropical Pacific during the 1990s

Johnson, Gregory C.; Sloyan, Bernadette M.; Kessler, William S.; McTaggart, K. E.

doi:10.1016/s0079-6611(02)00021-6

Cited by 313 publications

(473 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The core of EUC being in 140 o W at around the 120-m depth is more than 100 cm/s (Fig. 9a), which is similar to observed (Johnson et al 2002). The magnitude of EUC in run 1 (contour in Fig.…”

Section: 2supporting

confidence: 83%

The role of Karimata Strait Throughflow and Makassar Strait Throughflow on the Indo-Pacific Climate

Zhou¹,

Alves²,

Hirst³

et al. 2015

Bureau Research Report

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Section: 2supporting

confidence: 83%

The role of Karimata Strait Throughflow and Makassar Strait Throughflow on the Indo-Pacific Climate

Zhou¹,

Alves²,

Hirst³

et al. 2015

Bureau Research Report

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“…However, as the model simulation is improved, or other aspects of model behavior are examined, the shortcomings of WOA/P (section 2b) may become problematic. The Johnson et al (2002) data and Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere observing array (McPhaden et al 1998) are viable alternatives, but only in the tropical Pacific. Aspects of ocean circulation that are known well enough to identify serious deficiencies in T85x1 include the ocean transport through Drake Passage, the path of the Gulf Stream extension and North Atlantic Current, and the strength of the South Atlantic subtropical gyre.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly useful observed data are the direct measurements of upperocean currents, temperature, and salinity described by Johnson et al (2002). The seasonal distribution of sampling is shown by Kessler et al (2003), and at some longitudes it is unevenly distributed over the year.…”

Section: B Ocean Observations and Global Datasetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Between 50 and 100 m the increasing negative difference with depth says the temperature gradient is too strong, which suggests that boundary layer mixing is not penetrating deep enough equatorial Pacific zonal velocity from (a) observations (Johnson et al 2002(Johnson et al ), (b) x1ocn (2000(Johnson et al -2004, (c) T85x1, (d) T42x1, and (e) T42x1/ALL. The contour interval is 10 cm s…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Attribution and Impacts of Upper-Ocean Biases in CCSM3

2006

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The largest and potentially most important ocean near-surface biases are examined in the Community Climate System Model coupled simulation of present-day conditions. They are attributed to problems in the component models of the ocean or atmosphere, or both. Tropical biases in sea surface salinity (SSS) are associated with precipitation errors, with the most striking being a band of excess rainfall across the South Pacific at about 8°S. Cooler-than-observed equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) is necessary to control a potentially catastrophic positive feedback, involving precipitation along the equator. The strength of the wind-driven gyres and interbasin exchange is in reasonable agreement with observations, despite the generally too strong near-surface winds. However, the winds drive far too much transport through Drake Passage [Ͼ190 Sv (1 Sv ϵ 10 6 m 3 s Ϫ1)], but with little effect on SST and SSS. Problems with the width, separation, and location of western boundary currents and their extensions create large correlated SST and SSS biases in midlatitudes. Ocean model deficiencies are suspected because similar signals are seen in uncoupled ocean solutions, but there is no evidence of serious remote impacts. The seasonal cycles of SST and winds in the equatorial Pacific are not well represented, and numerical experiments suggest that these problems are initiated by the coupling of either or both wind components. The largest mean SST biases develop along the eastern boundaries of subtropical gyres, and the overall coupled model response is found to be linear. In the South Atlantic, surface currents advect these biases across much of the tropical basin. Significant precipitation responses are found both in the northwest Indian Ocean, and locally where the net result is the loss of an identifiable Atlantic intertropical convergence zone, which can be regained by controlling the coastal temperatures and salinities. Biases off South America and Baja California are shown to significantly degrade precipitation across the Pacific, subsurface ocean properties on both sides of the equator, and the seasonal cycle of equatorial SST in the eastern Pacific. These signals extend beyond the reach of surface currents, so connections via the atmosphere and subsurface ocean are implicated. Other experimental results indicate that the local atmospheric forcing is only part of the problem along eastern boundaries, with the representation of ocean upwelling another likely contributor.

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“…Our surveys were done in January-February of that year, prior to the development of the El Niño conditions. Oceanographic changes in the region during El Niño, La Niña, and intermediate years were discussed by Johnson et al (2002). These might have affected species composition for interannual comparisons, particularly recruitment of waifs, at the five equatorial Pacific islands.…”

Section: Waifsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inshore Fishes of Howland Island, Baker Island, Jarvis Island, Palmyra Atoll, and Kingman Reef

Mundy¹,

Wass²,

DeMartini³

et al. 2010

Atoll Research Bulletin

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A list is given of shore fishes known from Howland and Baker Islands, outliers of the Phoenix Islands group, and Jarvis Island, Palmyra Atoll, and Kingman Reef in the Line Islands group. The list was compiled from literature sources, museum collection databases, and surveys conducted in 2000-2008 by the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center's Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED). A total of 506 shore-fish species and 27 epipelagic species were recorded from the five islands. Of the shore-fish species, 41 (8.1%) were first noted in our CRED surveys. Numbers for the individual islands are: Howland Island-328 species of which 166 (50.8%) are first records from CRED sampling; Baker Island-268 species with 188 (70.1%) as new CRED records; Jarvis Island-274 species with 176 (64.2%) as new CRED records; Palmyra Atoll-395 species with 113 (28.6%) as new CRED records; and Kingman Reef-270 species with 212 (78.5%) as new CRED records. Fifteen additional species whose identifications are in need of verification were reported in our surveys or previous efforts. An additional 16 are considered suspect identifications of species that probably do not occur at the Line or Phoenix Islands. Differences in the species composition of the five islands are discussed in the context of habitat diversity, historic sampling effort, and regional oceanography. The evolution of shore-fish species found at these central Pacific islands is reviewed in the context of phylogeographic information, geology of Pacific islands, and regional oceanography. It is argued that oceanography and dispersal have played a larger role than geologic adjacencies in the evolution of central Pacific oceanic island fishes. Knowledge of the fish fauna of the central equatorial Pacific remains incomplete, in part, because of limited sampling of small, nocturnal, or otherwise cryptic species. These five islands are

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Direct measurements of upper ocean currents and water properties across the tropical Pacific during the 1990s

Cited by 313 publications

References 65 publications

The role of Karimata Strait Throughflow and Makassar Strait Throughflow on the Indo-Pacific Climate

The role of Karimata Strait Throughflow and Makassar Strait Throughflow on the Indo-Pacific Climate

Attribution and Impacts of Upper-Ocean Biases in CCSM3

Inshore Fishes of Howland Island, Baker Island, Jarvis Island, Palmyra Atoll, and Kingman Reef

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