Direct Nondestructive Imaging of Magnetization in a Spin-1 Bose-Einstein Gas

Higbie, James; Sadler, Lorraine; Inouye, S.; Chikkatur, A. P.; Leslie, Sabrina; Moore, Kevin L.; Savalli, V.; Stamper-Kurn, Dan

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.95.050401

Cited by 228 publications

(256 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…With a typical chemical potential in a weak magnetic trap on the order of 1 nK one gets a magnetic field sensitivity of about 1 nT. The other technique [106,107] is similar to measurements done with hot atoms -the BEC is held in an optical dipole trap and spin precession is measured using phase-contrast imaging with an off-resonant circularly-polarized probe beam. This nondestructive imaging allows monitoring of spin precession, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: E Magnetometery With Cold Atomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical magnetometry

2007

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Some of the most sensitive methods of measuring magnetic fields utilize interactions of resonant light with atomic vapor. Recent developments in this vibrant field are improving magnetometers in many traditional areas such as measurement of geomagnetic anomalies and magnetic fields in space, and are opening the door to new ones, including, dynamical measurements of bio-magnetic fields, detection of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI), inertialrotation sensing, magnetic microscopy with cold atoms, and tests of fundamental symmetries of Nature.

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Section: E Magnetometery With Cold Atomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical magnetometry

2007

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“…To explore these properties, we employ magnetizationsensitive dispersive imaging. In contrast to previous work [28,29], in which the magnetization was reconstructed from a series of images taken during Larmor precession, here we obtain a direct snapshot of the vector magnetization with just three images by applying spin-echo rf pulses between probes. Specifically, after a variable equilibration time, we apply the first imaging pulse, sending linearly polarized probe light propagating along theŷ axis and measuring its optical rotation to resolve one transverse component of the column-integrated magnetizationM(ρ) with the position vector ρ in the imaged x-ẑ plane.…”

Section: -2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-time-scale dynamics of spin textures in a degenerateF=187Rb spinor Bose gas

et al. 2011

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We investigate the long-term dynamics of spin textures prepared by cooling unmagnetized spinor gases of F = 1 87 Rb to quantum degeneracy, observing domain coarsening and a strong dependence of the equilibration dynamics on the quadratic Zeeman shift q. For small values of |q|, the textures arrive at a configuration independent of the initial spin-state composition, characterized by large length-scale spin domains and the establishment of easy-axis (negative q) or easy-plane (positive q) magnetic anisotropy. For larger |q|, equilibration is delayed as the spin-state composition of the degenerate spinor gas remains close to its initial value. These observations support the mean-field equilibrium phase diagram predicted for a ferromagnetic spinor Bose-Einstein condensate and also illustrate that equilibration is achieved under a narrow range of experimental settings, making the F = 1 87 Rb gas more suitable for studies of nonequilibrium quantum dynamics.

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“…10). This "Rabi oscillation" between atomic species [390,313] is an extremely useful tool for controllably transferring desirable fractions of atoms from one state to another and can be extended to multicomponent, condensates [391,392]. Furthermore, it is important to note that the interaction of vortex lattices in a multicomponent BEC can result in structural changes in the configurations of the vortex lattices, i.e., resulting in lattices with different symmetry [393,394].…”

Section: Vortices and Vortex Latticesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear waves in Bose–Einstein condensates: physical relevance and mathematical techniques

2008

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Abstract. The aim of the present review is to introduce the reader to some of the physical notions and of the mathematical methods that are relevant to the study of nonlinear waves in Bose-Einstein Condensates (BECs). Upon introducing the general framework, we discuss the prototypical models that are relevant to this setting for different dimensions and different potentials confining the atoms. We analyze some of the model properties and explore their typical wave solutions (plane wave solutions, bright, dark, gap solitons, as well as vortices). We then offer a collection of mathematical methods that can be used to understand the existence, stability and dynamics of nonlinear waves in such BECs, either directly or starting from different types of limits (e.g., the linear or the nonlinear limit, or the discrete limit of the corresponding equation). Finally, we consider some special topics involving more recent developments, and experimental setups in which there is still considerable need for developing mathematical as well as computational tools.PACS numbers: 03.75. Kk, 03.75.Lm, 05.45 • EP: Ermakov-Pinney (Equation)• GP: Gross-Pitaevskii (Equation)• KdV: Korteweg-de Vries (Equation)• LS: Lyapunov-Schmidt (Technique)• MT: Magnetic Trap• NLS: Nonlinear Schrödinger (Equation)• NPSE: Non-polynomial Schrödinger Equation IntroductionThe phenomenon of Bose-Einstein condensation is a quantum phase transition originally predicted by Bose [1] and Einstein [2,3] in 1924. In particular, it was shown that below a critical transition temperature T c , a finite fraction of particles of a boson gas (i.e., whose particles obey the Bose statistics) condenses into the same quantum state, known as the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). Although BoseEinstein condensation is known to be a fundamental phenomenon, connected, e.g., to superfluidity in liquid helium and superconductivity in metals (see, e.g., Ref.[4]), BECs were experimentally realized 70 years after their theoretical prediction: this major achievement took place in 1995, when different species of dilute alkali vapors confined in a magnetic trap (MT) were cooled down to extremely low temperatures [5][6][7], and has already been recognized through the 2001 Nobel prize in Physics [8,9]. This first unambiguous manifestation of a macroscopic quantum state in a manybody system sparked an explosion of activity, as reflected by the publication of several thousand papers related to BECs since then. Nowadays there exist more than fifty experimental BEC groups around the world, while an enormous amount of theoretical work has followed and driven the experimental efforts, with an impressive impact on many branches of Physics.From a theoretical standpoint, and for experimentally relevant conditions, the static and dynamical properties of a BEC can be described by means of an effective mean-field equation known as the Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation [10,11]. This is a variant of the famous nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation [12] (incorporating an external potential used to confine th...

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Direct Nondestructive Imaging of Magnetization in a Spin-1 Bose-Einstein Gas

Cited by 228 publications

References 27 publications

Optical magnetometry

Optical magnetometry

Long-time-scale dynamics of spin textures in a degenerateF=187Rb spinor Bose gas

Nonlinear waves in Bose–Einstein condensates: physical relevance and mathematical techniques

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