Optical magnetometry

Budker, Dmitry; Romalis, Michael

doi:10.1038/nphys566

Cited by 1,662 publications

(1,367 citation statements)

References 110 publications

(124 reference statements)

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“…Laser (1.5 W of a 532-nm cw; Verdi, Coherent) was directed through an AOM (Crystal Technology) and focused onto the backfocal plane of a 60 Â oil objective, 1.49 NA (Olympus). An 800 ns laser pulse allows ARTICLE NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2588 optimal NV readout with subsequent re-polarization into the |0S ground state enabling CCD integration over multiple repetitions (NB10 4 per image). The fluorescent NV response was spectrally filtered (LP650, Omega) and projected onto a 512 Â 512 cooled EM-CCD (CascadeII, Roper Scientific) yielding an effective pixel size of 115 nm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic spin imaging under ambient conditions with sub-cellular resolution

Steinert¹,

Ziem²,

et al. 2013

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The detection of small numbers of magnetic spins is a significant challenge in the life, physical and chemical sciences, especially when room temperature operation is required. Here we show that a proximal nitrogen-vacancy spin ensemble serves as a high precision sensing and imaging array. Monitoring its longitudinal relaxation enables sensing of freely diffusing, unperturbed magnetic ions and molecules in a microfluidic device without applying external magnetic fields. Multiplexed charge-coupled device acquisition and an optimized detection scheme permits direct spin noise imaging of magnetically labelled cellular structures under ambient conditions. Within 20 s we achieve spatial resolutions below 500 nm and experimental sensitivities down to 1,000 statistically polarized spins, of which only 32 ions contribute to a net magnetization. The results mark a major step towards versatile subcellular magnetic imaging and real-time spin sensing under physiological conditions providing a minimally invasive tool to monitor ion channels or haemoglobin trafficking inside live cells.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic spin imaging under ambient conditions with sub-cellular resolution

Steinert¹,

Ziem²,

et al. 2013

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“…For example, quantum coherence has been shown to play a fundamental role in photosynthesis [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], while quantum measurement dynamics have been demonstrated to underlie radical-ionpair reactions [9][10][11], the spin-dependent biochemical reactions at the heart of the avian magnetic compass mechanism. Even electron spin entanglement has also been addressed with respect to the chemical compass [12,13], paving the way for the dawn of quantum biology [14].We will here show that spin-selective radical-ion-pair reactions are no different than atomic [15] or solid state quantum sensors [16] used in e.g. precision metrology [17][18][19], and in principle are able to offer an exquisite magnetic sensitivity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We will here show that spin-selective radical-ion-pair reactions are no different than atomic [15] or solid state quantum sensors [16] used in e.g. precision metrology [17][18][19], and in principle are able to offer an exquisite magnetic sensitivity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Magnetic sensitivity and entanglement dynamics of the chemical compass

Kominis

2012

Chemical Physics Letters

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We present the quantum limits to the magnetic sensitivity of a new kind of magnetometer based on biochemical reactions. Radical-ion-pair reactions, the biochemical system underlying the chemical compass, are shown to offer a new and unique physical realization of a magnetic field sensor competitive to modern atomic or condensed matter magnetometers. We elaborate on the quantum coherence and entanglement dynamics of this sensor, showing that they provide the physical basis for testing our understanding of the fundamental quantum dynamics of radical-ion-pair reactions.Quantum physics, in particular quantum information, control and measurement are concepts rapidly infiltrating biological or biochemical processes. For example, quantum coherence has been shown to play a fundamental role in photosynthesis [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], while quantum measurement dynamics have been demonstrated to underlie radical-ionpair reactions [9][10][11], the spin-dependent biochemical reactions at the heart of the avian magnetic compass mechanism. Even electron spin entanglement has also been addressed with respect to the chemical compass [12,13], paving the way for the dawn of quantum biology [14].We will here show that spin-selective radical-ion-pair reactions are no different than atomic [15] or solid state quantum sensors [16] used in e.g. precision metrology [17][18][19], and in principle are able to offer an exquisite magnetic sensitivity. We will establish the fundamental quantum limits to the magnetic sensitivity of these biochemical sensors, and we will elaborate on the fundamental decoherence mechanism present. We will show that the mechanism damping singlet-triplet coherence also damps any electron spin entanglement possibly present, as is well understood in precision measurements. In so doing, we will also show that the recently appeared entanglement considerations [12,13] are questionable, since these works have not taken into account the fundamental singlet-triplet decoherence process. Finally, we will compare the three different and currently competing master equations attempting to describe the quantum dynamics of radical-ion-pair reactions. Based on their ability to correctly account for the coherence and entanglement dynamics of these reactions, it will be shown that one out of the three theories can be eliminated.Radical-ion pairs (Fig. 1) [20][21][22] are biomolecular ions with two unpaired electrons and any number of magnetic nuclei, created by a charge transfer from a photo-excited D * A donor-acceptor molecular dyad DA. The magnetic nuclei of the donor and acceptor molecules couple to the two electrons via the hyperfine interaction, leading to singlet-triplet (S-T) mixing, i.e. a coherent oscillation of the total electron spin state, also affected by the electrons' Zeeman interaction with the external magnetic field. Singlet-triplet coherence (and its relaxation) is studied in a variety of contexts, as e.g. in NMR [23][24][25] and quantum dots [26][27][28]. The additional complication of radical-ion-pair reactio...

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“…Laser sources with accurate frequency stability are widely used and necessary in many applications, such as interferometric detection, spectroscopy [1], optical communications and atomic magnetometers [2] and clocks [3]. Moreover, they are also used in commercial applications such as precision machining tools, laser vibrometers [4] and gravimeters [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A miniature frequency-stabilized VCSEL system emitting at 795nm based on LTCC modules

Gruet

Vecchio

Affolderbach

et al. 2013

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

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a b s t r a c tWe present a compact frequency-stabilized laser system locked to the Rubidium absorption line of a micro-fabricated reference cell. A printed circuit board (PCB) is used to carry all the components and part of the electronics, and low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) modules are used to temperaturestabilize the laser diode and the miniature Rubidium cell (cell inner dimensions: 5 mm diameter and 2 mm height). The measured frequency stability of the laser, in terms of Allan deviation, is ≤8 Â 10 −10 for integration times of 10 3 -10 5 s. The current overall dimensions of the system are 70 Â 40 Â 50 mm 3 , with good potential for realization of a frequency-stabilized laser module with few cm 3 volume.

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Optical magnetometry

Cited by 1,662 publications

References 110 publications

Magnetic spin imaging under ambient conditions with sub-cellular resolution

Magnetic spin imaging under ambient conditions with sub-cellular resolution

Magnetic sensitivity and entanglement dynamics of the chemical compass

A miniature frequency-stabilized VCSEL system emitting at 795nm based on LTCC modules

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