Direct observation of adaptive tracking on ecological time scales in
            <i>Drosophila</i>

Rudman, Seth M.; Greenblum, Sharon; Rajpurohit, Subhash; Betancourt, Nicolas J.; Hanna, Jinjoo; Tilk, Susanne; Yokoyama, Tsuya; Petrov, Dmitri A.; Schmidt, Paul S.

doi:10.1126/science.abj7484

Cited by 126 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Ecologists tend to think evolution occurs much slower compared to ecological processes, thus the occurrence and consequences of rapid evolution has received less attention. It has now been well-recognized that ecological and evolutionary processes can occur at the same timescale (Thompson 1998;Hairston et al 2005;Schoener 2011; Rudman et al 2022). However, mechanisms and consequences of herbivore rapid evolution are still largely unknown (Des Roches et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil microbe-induced plant resistance alters aphid inter-genotypic competition leading to rapid evolution with consequences for plant growth and aphid abundance

Zytynska

2022

Preprint

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Plants and insect herbivores are two of the most diverse multicellular groups in the world, and both are strongly influenced by interactions with the belowground soil microbiome. Effects of reciprocal rapid evolution on ecological interactions between herbivores and plants have been repeatedly demonstrated, but it is unknown if (and how) the soil microbiome could mediate these eco-evolutionary processes. We tested the role of a plant-beneficial soil bacterium (Acidovorax radicis) in altering eco-evolutionary interactions between sap-feeding aphid herbivores (Sitobion avenae) feeding on barley (Hordeum vulgare). We reared two aphid genotypes separately or together on three barley varieties that were inoculated with or without A. radicis bacteria. In the first experiment we counted the aphid number and plant biomass after 7, 14 and 21 days of aphid growth, while in a second experiment we counted and removed offspring every 1-2 days to assess aphid longevity and fecundity. Results showed that A. radicis increased plant growth and suppressed aphids of both genotypes. The strength of effect was dependent on aphid genotype and barley variety, while the direction of effect was altered by aphid population mixture. Fescue aphids experienced increased growth when they were sharing the plant with Sickte aphids on inoculated plants; this increase was not seen in the control plants without A. radicis and was only apparent after 14 days of aphid population growth. Plant inoculation with A. radicis reduced aphid survival (reduced number of reproductive days) and fecundity (reduced daily reproductive output for surviving aphids). In the second experiment, when density was controlled, Fescue aphids did not experience increased reproduction in mixed populations, suggesting this is a density-dependent effect. Using Lotka-Volterra modelling, we demonstrated that A. radicis inoculation decreased aphid population stability as it increased inter-genotype competition but decreased the intra-genotype competition (likely through reduced population density). Our work demonstrates the important role that plant-associated microbiomes can have in mediating eco-evolutionary interactions between herbivores and host plants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has now been well-recognized that ecological and evolutionary processes can occur at the same timescale (Thompson 1998; Hairston et al . 2005; Schoener 2011; Rudman et al . 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil microbe-induced plant resistance alters aphid inter-genotypic competition leading to rapid evolution with consequences for plant growth and aphid abundance

Zytynska

2022

Preprint

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“…Future work that explores the multidimensional parameter space of D. melanogaster’s demographic history in search of a model that fits multiple genome-wide statistics to the data would greatly benefit the field. We note that it is possible that to obtain a model that provides a good fit across population genetic statistics, more complex scenarios, such as the effect of seasonal fluctuations [88,89] and selection might need to be included.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enrichment of hard sweeps on the X chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster

Harris

Garud

2022

Preprint

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The characteristic properties of the X chromosome, such as male hemizygosity and its unique inheritance pattern, expose it to natural selection in a way that can be different from the autosomes. Here, we investigate the differences in the tempo and mode of adaptation on the X chromosome and autosomes in a population of Drosophila melanogaster. Specifically, we test the hypothesis that due to hemizygosity and a lower effective population size on the X, the relative proportion of hard sweeps, which are expected when adaptation is gradual, compared to soft sweeps, which are expected when adaptation is rapid, is greater on the X than on the autosomes. We quantify the incidence of hard versus soft sweeps in North American D. melanogaster population genomic data with haplotype homozygosity statistics and find an enrichment of the proportion of hard versus soft sweeps on the X chromosome compared to the autosomes, confirming predictions we make from simulations. Understanding these differences may enable a deeper understanding of how important phenotypes arise as well as the impact of fundamental evolutionary parameters on adaptation, such as dominance, sex-specific selection, and sex-biased demography.

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“…In addition, we use seasonal acclimation for species with multi-generations per year, even though acclimation is traditionally restricted for individuals, not generations. Species with a sequence of generations across seasons offer opportunities to explore between-generation causes, mechanisms, and ecological consequences of seasonal changes in phenotypes ( Rudman et al. 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, probe the underlying environmental, behavioral, and physiological cues and drivers of those seasonal shifts (and interactions). Third, elucidate the ecological and evolutionary consequences of seasonal shifts ( Kingsolver & Wiernasz 1991 ; Loeschcke & Hoffmann 2007 ; Somero 2010 ; Terblanche & Hoffmann 2020 ; Rudman et al. 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing a Seasonal Acclimation Study Presents Challenges and Opportunities

Huey

Buckley

2022

Integrative Organismal Biology

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Organisms living in seasonal environments often adjust physiological capacities and sensitivities in response to (or in anticipation of) environment shifts. Such physiological and morphological adjustments (“acclimation” and related terms) inspire opportunities to explore the mechanistic bases underlying these adjustments, to detect cues inducing adjustments, and to elucidate their ecological and evolutionary consequences. Seasonal adjustments (“seasonal acclimation”) can be detected either by measuring physiological capacities and sensitivities of organisms retrieved directly from nature (or outdoor enclosures) in different seasons or less directly by rearing and measuring organisms maintained in the laboratory under conditions that attempt to mimic or track natural ones. But mimicking natural conditions in the laboratory is challenging – doing so requires prior natural-history knowledge of ecologically relevant body temperature cycles, photoperiods, food rations, social environments, among other variables. We argue that traditional laboratory-based conditions usually fail to approximate natural seasonal conditions (temperature, photoperiod, food, ‘lockdown’). Consequently, whether the resulting acclimation shifts correctly approximate those in nature is uncertain, and sometimes is dubious. We argue that background natural history information provides opportunities to design acclimation protocols that are not only more ecologically relevant, but also serve as templates for testing the validity of traditional protocols. Finally, we suggest several best practices to help enhance ecological realism.

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Direct observation of adaptive tracking on ecological time scales in Drosophila

Cited by 126 publications

References 51 publications

Soil microbe-induced plant resistance alters aphid inter-genotypic competition leading to rapid evolution with consequences for plant growth and aphid abundance

Soil microbe-induced plant resistance alters aphid inter-genotypic competition leading to rapid evolution with consequences for plant growth and aphid abundance

Enrichment of hard sweeps on the X chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster

Designing a Seasonal Acclimation Study Presents Challenges and Opportunities

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