Direct observation of internal state of thermal runaway in lithium ion battery during nail-penetration test

Yokoshima, Tokihiko; Mukoyama, Daikichi; Maeda, Fujio; Osaka, Tetsuya; Takazawa, Koji; Egusa, Syun; Naoi, Satomi; Ishikura, Satoru; Yamamoto, Kōichi

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.04.092

Cited by 94 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition to the thermal abuse conditions that have been widely investigated [7,[65][66][67][68][69], the nail penetration [53,[70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79] (mechanical abuse) and overcharge [9,10] (electrical abuse) for initiating failure mechanisms are also studied. In the nail penetration tests, the joule heat with a high rate is generated as the steel nail provides an internal current path between the electrodes and current collectors, and electrodes connect to each other due to the deformation.…”

Section: Thermal Runawaymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Experimental and Numerical Studies of Lithium Ion Battery Fires

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are used extensively worldwide in a varied range of applications. However, LIBs present a considerable fire risk due to their flammable and frequently unstable components. This paper reviews experimental and numerical studies to understand parametric factors that have the greatest influence on the fire risks associated with LIBs. The LIB chemistry and the state of charge (SOC) are shown to have the greatest influence on the likelihood of a LIB transitioning into thermal runaway (TR) and releasing heats which can be cascaded to cause TR in adjacent cells. The magnitude of the heat release rate (HRR) is quantified to be used as a numerical model input parameter (source term). LIB chemistry, the SOC, and incident heat flux are proven to influence the magnitude of the HRR in all studies reviewed. Therefore, it may be conjectured that the most critical variables in addressing the overall fire safety and mitigating the probability of TR of LIBs are the chemistry and the SOC. The review of numerical modeling shows that it is quite challenging to reproduce experimental results with numerical simulations. Appropriate boundary conditions and fire properties as input parameters are required to model the onset of TR and heat transfer from thereon.

show abstract

Section: Thermal Runawaymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Experimental and Numerical Studies of Lithium Ion Battery Fires

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the case of a short, Joule heating from the large current induced by rapid self‐discharge through the low resistance electronic pathway can bring temperatures to the break down point of the separator and the electrode materials (150–250 °C),10 setting off a chain of exothermic reactions and thermal runaway 11,12. Internal shorting can be induced by external causes such as mechanical deformation (e.g., during nail penetration tests13,14) and overcharging, but can also occur for no discernable external cause, as exemplified by recent incidents in self‐ignition of parked electric vehicles 15. Postulated mechanisms include the growth of conductive filaments in batteries which eventually penetrate the separator and short the cell 16.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Draining Over Blocking: Nano‐Composite Janus Separators for Mitigating Internal Shorting of Lithium Batteries

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Catastrophic battery failure due to internal short is extremely difficult to detect and mitigate. In order to enable the next‐generation lithium‐metal batteries, a “fail safe” mechanism for internal short is highly desirable. Here, a novel separator design and approach is introduced to mitigate the effects of an internal short circuit by limiting the self‐discharge current to prevent cell temperature rise. A nano‐composite Janus separator—with a fully electronically insulating side contacting the anode and a partially electronically conductive (PEC) coating with tunable conductivity contacting the cathode—is implemented to intercept dendrites, control internal short circuit resistance, and slowly drain cell capacity. Galvanostatic cycling experiments demonstrate Li‐metal batteries with the Janus separator perform normally before shorting, which then results in a gradual increase of internal self‐discharge over >25 cycles due to PEC‐mitigated shorting. This is contrasted by a sudden voltage drop and complete failure seen with a single layer separator. Potentiostatic charging abuse tests of Li‐metal pouch cells result in dendrites completely penetrating the single‐layer separator causing high short circuit current and large cell temperature increase; conversely, negligible current and temperature rise occurs with the Janus separator where post mortem electron microscopy shows the PEC layer successfully intercepts dendrites.

show abstract

“…To date, research has reported on observations obtained via simulation 15,16 and how the use of X-rays changes the behavior of the layered structure of an electrode. 17,18 In this study, to non-destructively observe the electric current flowing inside of the rechargeable battery, we focus on the magnetic field that occurs in the surroundings of cell as a result of said current. Because the rechargeable battery is made of non-magnetic materials, such as aluminum and copper, magnetic field that occurs because of the electric current flowing through the electrode leaks out of the cell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time Imaging of the Electric Conductivity Distribution inside a Rechargeable Battery Cell

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this study is to observe the spatial inhomogeneity of a rechargeable battery's electric conductivity distribution. Therefore, we have developed a system that uses the measurement results of a minute magnetic field that leaks from the cell to visualize, in real time, the cell's electric conductivity distribution. This system has a magnetic detection capability of 30 pT/Hz 0.5 (at 1 Hz); it measures the magnetic field distribution in the 240 × 240-mm range. This system has the ability to detect the 500-μA electric current that flows in a rechargeable battery 5 mm away from the sensor module. Because the magnetic signals are detected at the frequency synchronized with the alternating current flowing in the cell, this system is not affected by environmental magnetic field noise. Using this system, we have successfully visualized the short-circuit spot in a cell with significant self-discharge. Furthermore, we observe that the magnetic field distribution changes continually when the short circuit is being generated. The coordinate where the magnetic field distribution changed and the coordinate where metal precipitates were confirmed significant agreement.

show abstract

Direct observation of internal state of thermal runaway in lithium ion battery during nail-penetration test

Cited by 94 publications

References 25 publications

A Review of Experimental and Numerical Studies of Lithium Ion Battery Fires

A Review of Experimental and Numerical Studies of Lithium Ion Battery Fires

Draining Over Blocking: Nano‐Composite Janus Separators for Mitigating Internal Shorting of Lithium Batteries

Real-time Imaging of the Electric Conductivity Distribution inside a Rechargeable Battery Cell

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About