Direct Observation of Repeated Infections With Endemic Coronaviruses

Galanti, Marta; Shaman, Jeffrey

doi:10.1093/infdis/jiaa392

Cited by 130 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Deceleration could result from successful control measures or attainment of herd immunity. Should SARS-CoV-2 eventually become endemic (Galanti and Shaman, 2020), it could be critical to have an ongoing community-wide surveillance system to detect newly emerging clusters.…”

Section: Wbe For Mass Surveillance Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wastewater surveillance for population-wide Covid-19: The present and future

Daughton¹

2020

Science of The Total Environment

333

269

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Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) could play critical roles in the Covid-19 pandemic. • WBE can help solve the pressing problem of insufficient clinical diagnostic testing. • It could serve to better target and direct the application of diagnostic testing. • It could help reduce countless domino effects from the pandemic. • WBE might be the only means for providing rapid, inexpensive mass surveys.

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Section: Wbe For Mass Surveillance Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wastewater surveillance for population-wide Covid-19: The present and future

Daughton¹

2020

Science of The Total Environment

333

269

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“…Seroprevalence studies show that a large percentage of adults have been exposed to these viruses (2). Interestingly, surveillance studies have shown that reinfection with these viruses can occur (3,4), suggesting that immunity is only partially protective. This theory is supported by a challenge study showing that study participants with lower titers of antibodies against HCoV-229E were infected and developed symptoms following experimental inoculation with the virus (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthy donor T cell responses to common cold coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2

Woldemeskel

Kwaa

Garliss

et al. 2020

Journal of Clinical Investigation

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BACKGROUND. T cell responses to the common cold coronaviruses have not been well characterized. Preexisting T cell immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been reported, and a recent study suggested that this immunity was due to cross-recognition of the novel coronavirus by T cells specific for the common cold coronaviruses. METHODS. We used the enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay to characterize the T cell responses against peptide pools derived from the spike protein of 3 common cold coronaviruses (HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-OC43) and SARS-CoV-2 in 21 healthy donors (HDs) who were seronegative for SARS-CoV-2 and had no known exposure to the virus. An in vitro expansion culture assay was also used to analyze memory T cell responses. RESULTS. We found responses to the spike protein of the 3 common cold coronaviruses in many of the donors. We then focused on HCoV-NL63 and detected broad T cell responses to the spike protein and identified 22 targeted peptides. Interestingly, only 1 study participant had a significant response to SARS-CoV-2 spike or nucleocapsid protein in the ELISPOT assay. In vitro expansion studies suggested that T cells specific for the HCoV-NL63 spike protein in this individual could also recognize SARS-CoV-2 spike protein peptide pools. CONCLUSION. HDs have circulating T cells specific for the spike proteins of HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E, and HCoV-OC43. T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins were present in only 1 participant and were potentially the result of cross-recognition by T cells specific for the common cold coronaviruses. Further studies are needed to determine whether this cross-recognition influences coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes.

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“…Subsequent infections were separated by at least eight months, though study participants were tested every four months. In most cases, re-infection occurred, though it could present with mild symptoms and a shortened duration of shedding [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Possibility and Cause of Relapse After Previously Recovering From COVID-19: A Systematic Review

Elsayed¹,

Reddy²,

Murthy³

et al. 2020

Cureus

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The severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-Cov-2) is a novel coronavirus that is believed to be mainly transmitted via droplet and contact transmission. While research is focusing on epidemiology, transmission, vaccine development, and therapeutics for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there is a possibility of disease relapse. There are reports of patients who tested positive for SARS-Cov-2 after clinical recovery and initial clearance of the virus. Objective This systematic review aims to identify the trends of COVID-19 relapse, the effects of comorbidities on it, and associated mortality rates. Methods We conducted a systematic search during March and April 2020 for research articles on the relapse of COVID-19 using two primary databases, PubMed and Embase. Results A total of 13 eligible studies were screened of which 11 (case reports) were eligible for data extraction. The earliest to report relapse was after two days of discharge and the latest was 22 days after discharge. The mean number of days to relapse was 12 days and the median number was seven days. There was incomplete information about comorbidities. No mortalities were reported at the time of the study.

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Direct Observation of Repeated Infections With Endemic Coronaviruses

Cited by 130 publications

References 26 publications

Wastewater surveillance for population-wide Covid-19: The present and future

Wastewater surveillance for population-wide Covid-19: The present and future

Healthy donor T cell responses to common cold coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2

The Possibility and Cause of Relapse After Previously Recovering From COVID-19: A Systematic Review

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