Direct optical-to-mechanical actuation

Hockaday, Bruce D.; Waters, James P.

doi:10.1364/ao.29.004629

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In 1983, the optical heating of closed gas filled volume was employed to move a flexible diaphragm in a flapper nozzle device [3]. In 1990, the first direct optical to mechanical actuation was achieved by optically modifying the viscosity of a fluid [4]. The rapid growth in materials research in the early 1990's led to the development of variety of photomechanical actuators based on direct and indirect optical to mechanical energy conversion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photo-mechanical actuation of carbon nanotubes: mechanisms and applications in micro and nano-devices

Ahir

Velasco

et al. 2009

J. Micro-Nano Mech.

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We review the current state of the art in photomechanical actuation of carbon nanotubes and their composites. The article presents key points in the photomechanical responses of carbon nanotubes and show how orientation, alignment and anisotropic optical properties of carbon nanotubes influence photomechanical actuation. The current state of the field of carbon-nanotube polymer photomechanical actuators is presented. The photomechanical responses of nanotube-polymer systems depend on the structure of the actuator, nanotube alignment, entanglement and the presence of pre-strains in the sample. While the mechanism of photomechanical actuation is not fully understood, we discuss some possible mechanisms that contribute to the overall photomechanical responses of carbon nanotubes and their polymer composites. It is expected that the interplay between elastic, electrostatic, polaronic and thermal interactions give rise to the overall photomechanical responses of carbon nanotubes. We also discuss some insights into how the photo-mechanical responses of the carbon nanotubes and their polymers may be coupled to the band structure of carbon nanotubes. Finally, we review the applications of photomechanical actuation of carbon nanotube in Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) and nanotechnology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photo-mechanical actuation of carbon nanotubes: mechanisms and applications in micro and nano-devices

Ahir

Velasco

et al. 2009

J. Micro-Nano Mech.

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“…In 1990, Hockaday and Waters [121] demonstrated a technique for direct optical to mechanical actuation. Their method uses lasers to heat a pneumatic or hydraulic fluid causing it to deviate from a central path.…”

Section: Optical Actuation and All Optical Control Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is stated that the proposed system would need an opto-pneumatic or opto-electric converter to provide actuation. The actuation could then be performed by a technique based on Hockaday and Waters system [121] or by using a photovoltaic power converter [123]. Photovoltaic power converters (PPCs) are essentially miniature solar cells designed to be responsive to specific wavelengths and connected directly to an optical fiber.…”

Section: Optical Actuation and All Optical Control Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Mainstream Industrial Processes

2017

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This paper reviews fiber Bragg grating sensing technology with respect to its use in mainstream industrial process applications. A review of the various types of sensors that have been developed for industries such as power generation, water treatment and services, mining, and the oil and gas sector has been performed. A market overview is reported as well as a discussion of some of the factors limiting their penetration into these markets. Furthermore, the author's make recommendations for future work that would potentially provide significant opportunity for the advancement of fiber Bragg grating sensor networks in these mainstream industries.

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“…After a second optical Fourier transform the kthorder of diffraction will be shifted' by =. ?.fkf0 (3) where 2 is the wavelength of the light source, F is the focal length of the lens, t is the acoustic velocity in the cell, and fo is the frequency of the acoustic wave. Thus, it is possible to generate different orders of diffraction within a small spatial interval.…”

Section: Implementation Of An Optical Controllermentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical control using an acousto-optic scanner

Knopf

Nancoo

2003

SPIE Proceedings

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Optical controllers exploit lightwave technologies to implement different control strategies. It is possible to replace many of the electrical and mechanical components found in traditional linear and nonlinear controllers with optical analogues that increase the speed of signal processing or enhance system sensitivity. These optical sensors, switches, communication links, and actuators are largely immune from electromagnetic interference, exhibit low signal attenuation, provide secure flow of information, and are safe in hazardous or explosive environments. In addition, the energy in the light beam is one of the easiest forms of energy to shape and transmit through free space. The fundamental characteristics of several "control-by-light" systems are discussed in this paper. The proposed control system utilizes an acousto-optic deflector (AOD) to change the direction of the reshaped laser beam in response to the feedback error signal. The deflected beam strikes an array of photodetectors where each discrete detector represents a specific control action. One-and two-dimensional detector array configurations are explored for control. Although the controller designs can be implemented on optical breadboards using off-the-shelf optical devices, recent advances in nanotechnology would allow similar micro-scale optical controllers to be fabricated at low cost.

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Direct optical-to-mechanical actuation

Cited by 14 publications

References 3 publications

Photo-mechanical actuation of carbon nanotubes: mechanisms and applications in micro and nano-devices

Photo-mechanical actuation of carbon nanotubes: mechanisms and applications in micro and nano-devices

Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Mainstream Industrial Processes

Optical control using an acousto-optic scanner

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