Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Mainstream Industrial Processes

Allwood, Gary; Wild, Graham; Hinckley, Steven

doi:10.3390/electronics6040092

Cited by 60 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…When a light source is applied at one end, the wavelength of the refracted light changes in proportion to the strain applied. Compared with strain gauges, FBG sensors have a higher immunity to electrical noise, do not require external excitation, and are highly resistant to corrosion [24]. This makes them ideal for situations involving submersion in water, such as in a paper by Mieloszyk and Ostachowicz [25] in which a water basin and a wave machine were used to simulate an environmental load, and FBG was able to detect the appearance of circumferential cracks on a wind turbine support structure.…”

Section: Strainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Monitoring of Wind Turbine Blade Alignment Using Laser Displacement and Strain Measurement

Ovenden

Wang

Huang

et al. 2019

Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, Diagnostics and Prognostics of Engineering Systems

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Wind turbine (WT) blade structural health monitoring (SHM) is important as it allows damage or misalignment to be detected before it causes catastrophic damage such as that caused by the blade striking the tower. Both of these can be very costly and justify the expense of monitoring. This paper aims to deduce whether a SICK DT-50 laser displacement sensor (LDS) installed inside the tower and a half-bridge type II strain gauge bridge installed at the blade root are capable of detecting ice loading, misalignment, and bolt loosening while the WT is running. Blade faults were detected by the virtual instrument, which conducted a z-test at 99% and 98% significance levels for the LDS and at 99.5% and 99% significance levels for the strain gauge. The significance levels chosen correspond to typical Z-values for statistical tests. A higher significance was used for the strain gauge as it used a one-tail test as opposed to a two-tail test for the LDS. The two different tests were used to test for different sensitivities of the tests. The results show that the strain gauge was capable of detecting all the mass loading cases to 99.5% significance, and the LDS was capable of detecting misalignment, bolt loosening, and 3 out of 4 mass loading cases to 99% significance. It was able to detect the least severe mass loading case of 11 g at the root to only a 98% significance.

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Section: Strainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Monitoring of Wind Turbine Blade Alignment Using Laser Displacement and Strain Measurement

Ovenden

Wang

Huang

et al. 2019

Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, Diagnostics and Prognostics of Engineering Systems

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“…The current SHM technology used in composite materials is done using sensors, especially optical sensors [4,5,6,7,8]. This is since the traditional strain gauge is sensitive to lightning, current leakage and corrosion, whereby inaccurate readings will be shown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Optic sensors provide several advantages for aerospace applications that include insensitivity to electromagnetic interference, lightweight and flexible harness, multiplexing and multi-parameter sensing, high measurement accuracy, low power requirements per sensor, remote interrogation and operation, and the potential to embed in composite structures. Among the several optical fiber sensor configurations [10], Fiber Bragg Sensors (FBGs) are considered the favorite technology [4,5,6,7,8] for their capability to build a dense multiplexing SHM network, durability under extreme weather conditions and ease of application to the surfaces of different structures. As matter, FBG sensors represent the most mature and assessed sensing platform ready to be used in real industrial scenarios [4,5,6,7,8,11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain Monitoring of a Composite Drag Strut in Aircraft Landing Gear by Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors

Iadicicco

Natale

Palma

et al. 2019

Sensors

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This work reports on the use of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors integrated with innovative composite items of aircraft landing gear for strain/stress monitoring. Recently, the introduction of innovative structures in aeronautical applications is appealing with two main goals: (i) to decrease the weight and cost of current items; and (ii) to increase the mechanical resistance, if possible. However, the introduction of novel structures in the aeronautical field demands experimentation and certification regarding their mechanical resistance. In this work, we successfully investigate the possibility to use Fiber Bragg Grating sensors for the structural health monitoring of innovative composite items for the landing gear. Several FBG strain sensors have been integrated in different locations of the composite item including region with high bending radius. To optimize the localization of the FBG sensors, load condition was studied by Finite Element Method (FEM) numerical analysis. Several experimental tests have been done in range 0–70 kN by means of a hydraulic press. Obtained results are in very good agreement with the numerical ones and demonstrate the great potentialities of FBG sensor technology to be employed for remote and real-time load measurements on aircraft landing gears and to act as early warning systems.

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“…Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are a well-known fiber optic device that has been attracting significant attention, not only in the research community, but also in industry [ 1 ]. The particularities of FBGs have caused them to be widely explored in the sensing area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain Sensitivity Control of an In-Series Silica and Polymer FBG

Oliveira

Bilro

Nogueira

2018

Sensors

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This work reports on the use of an in-series silica and polymer fiber Bragg grating (FBG) to control the FBG strain sensitivities and enhance in the case of the polymer fiber Bragg grating (PFBG). Due to differences in the Young’s Modulus of the fibers employed, the amount of strain is unequally distributed in each fiber section. By acting on the silica fiber length, it was possible to control the strain sensitivity of the two FBGs, allowing a polymer FBG strain sensitivity much higher than the one found in the elementary fiber to be obtained. The influence of the diameter of the polymer fiber on the strain sensitivities of the FBGs was also investigated. Results have shown that, besides the strain sensitivity control, an even greater improvement in the PFBG strain sensitivity can be achieved.

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Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Mainstream Industrial Processes

Cited by 60 publications

References 113 publications

Real-Time Monitoring of Wind Turbine Blade Alignment Using Laser Displacement and Strain Measurement

Real-Time Monitoring of Wind Turbine Blade Alignment Using Laser Displacement and Strain Measurement

Strain Monitoring of a Composite Drag Strut in Aircraft Landing Gear by Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors

Strain Sensitivity Control of an In-Series Silica and Polymer FBG

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