Direct Patterning of Modified Oligonucleotides on Metals and Insulators by Dip-Pen Nanolithography

Demers, Linette M.; Ginger, David S.; Park, S.-J.; Li, Z.; Chung, Sung Wook; Mirkin, Chad A.

doi:10.1126/science.1071480

Cited by 701 publications

(536 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Using the dip-pen nanolithography approach, Mirkin's group printed a nanoscale oligonucleotide chip on both metallic and insulating substrates, which exhibited the sequence-specific binding properties of the DNA (Demers et al, 2002). This 'bottom-up' approach can enable the detection of markers at very low concentrations, especially when integrated with another emerging technology, the nanocantilevers.…”

Section: Nanotechnology and Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting nanotechnology to target cancer

Sengupta

Sasisekharan

2007

Br J Cancer

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Nanotechnology is increasingly finding use in the management of cancer. Nanoscale devices have impacted cancer biology at three levels: early detection using, for example, nanocantilevers or nanoparticles; tumour imaging using radiocontrast nanoparticles or quantum dots; and drug delivery using nanovectors and hybrid nanoparticles. This review addresses some of the major milestones in the integration of nanotechnology and cancer biology, and the future of nanoscale approaches for cancer management.

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Section: Nanotechnology and Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting nanotechnology to target cancer

Sengupta

Sasisekharan

2007

Br J Cancer

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“…The layout of the channels has thus been designed and optimized with the help of 3D numerical simulations based on the Lattice-Boltzmann method. [60][61][62] Fig. 4a shows the various 35 steps by which the liquid enters the spotting holes while Fig.…”

Section: Filling Of the Spotting Holes By Capillary Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D thermoplastic elastomer microfluidic devices for biological probe immobilization

Brassard

Clime

et al. 2011

Lab Chip

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Microfluidics has emerged as a valuable tool for the high-resolution patterning of biological probes on solid supports. Yet, its widespread adoption as a universal biological immobilization tool is still limited by several technical challenges, particularly for the patterning of isolated spots using three-dimensional (3D) channel networks. A key limitation arises from the difficulties to adapt the techniques and materials typically used in prototyping to low-cost mass-production. In this paper, we present the fabrication of thin thermoplastic elastomer membranes with microscopic through-holes using a hotembossing process that is compatible with high-throughput manufacturing. The membranes provide the basis for the fabrication of highly integrated 3D microfluidic devices with a footprint of only 1 Â 1 cm 2 . When placed on a solid support, the device allows for the immobilization of up to 96 different probes in the form of a 10 Â 10 array comprising isolated spots of 50 Â 50 mm 2 . The design of the channel network is optimized using 3D simulations based on the Lattice-Boltzmann method to promote capillary action as the sole force distributing the liquid in the device. Finally, we demonstrate the patterning of DNA and protein arrays on hard thermoplastic substrates yielding spots of excellent definition that prove to be highly specific in subsequent hybridization experiments.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] Scanning probe techniques such as dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) [3,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] and nanografting [13,14] are extremely useful since they allow one to make nanostructures from a wide variety of different chemical compositions. In the case of DPN, despite significant advances in parallelization, [2,[15][16][17] it is still challenged for certain applications with regard to throughput, especially when compared to lower resolution contact printing methods.…”

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Topographically Flat, Chemically Patterned PDMS Stamps Made by Dip‐Pen Nanolithography

et al. 2008

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Flexible nanolithographic and printing methods are essential tools in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology. [1][2][3][4][5] Scanning probe techniques such as dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) [3,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] and nanografting [13,14] are extremely useful since they allow one to make nanostructures from a wide variety of different chemical compositions. In the case of DPN, despite significant advances in parallelization, [2,[15][16][17] it is still challenged for certain applications with regard to throughput, especially when compared to lower resolution contact printing methods. Indeed, microcontact printing (μCP) has emerged as a "bench-top" technique for preparing patterns of various active structures in a massively parallel manner. [18][19][20] In conventional μCP, a soft elastomer stamp (typically polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS) with relief structures predefined by photo-or e-beam lithography is brought into contact with a substrate, where the ink is transferred from the stamp to the substrate surface at the area of contact.[21] PDMS has a Young's Modulus of 1 MPa, which is soft enough to make conformal contact with planar or nonplanar surfaces to facilitate ink transfer. However, since the relief structures are separated by air voids in the stamp, the mechanical instability (pairing, sagging, etc.) of the stamp deriving from the "soft" nature of PDMS, has been a major limitation for a variety of applications in μCP.[5,22,23] The volatility of the inks and their diffusion properties on a surface also can be limiting factors when printing small features (Scheme 1).[24] Although many solutions have been suggested to address both mechanical and ink-transport issues, such as using harder elastomers [25,26] and establishing control over printing time, [27] the lateral resolution of printed features and the design of such stamps are still limited to ~150 nm (in terms of alkanethiols) and a ~1/20 filling factor, respectively. [23,28] Herein, we report how one can use DPN to prepare a stamp for high resolution μCP in a way that keeps the PDMS surface topographically flat but chemically patterned. The mechanically stable flat stamp is prepared without a photomask (since the structure may be directly written onto the surface by DPN), and the pattern drawn by DPN combined with subsequent chemical modification of the exposed areas of the stamp, allows one to create a surface with well-defined chemical regions that can be used to confine ink transport to sub-100 nm dimensions and prevent the lateral diffusion of the ink (Scheme 1). Others have used contact inking, [29,30] metal contact masks, [31,32] and template-mediated selfassembly approaches[33] to fabricate (sub)micron-sized chemical patterns on PDMS, but the approach described herein is remarkably simple and straightforward to implement and does not require complex and expensive photo-or e-beam lithography. More importantly, the high registration and resolution of DPN allow one to create stamps using this approach that ** C.A.M. acknowledges the AFOSR, DA...

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Direct Patterning of Modified Oligonucleotides on Metals and Insulators by Dip-Pen Nanolithography

Cited by 701 publications

References 24 publications

Exploiting nanotechnology to target cancer

Exploiting nanotechnology to target cancer

3D thermoplastic elastomer microfluidic devices for biological probe immobilization

Topographically Flat, Chemically Patterned PDMS Stamps Made by Dip‐Pen Nanolithography

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