Direct Potable Reuse Can (and Does!) Improve Water Quality: Full Results from Water Quality Testing at the Raw Water Production Facility in Big Spring

Steinle-Darling, Eva; Dickenson, Eric; Sutherland, Justin; Salveson, Andrew; Burch, John; Womack, John; Walker, Cole

doi:10.2175/193864716819707238

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Trace levels of many anthropogenic organic contaminants have been detected in wastewater treatment plant effluents. − These contaminants, often referred to as trace organic contaminants (TOrCs/TrOCs), micropollutants (MPs), or contaminants of emerging concern (CECs, used here), consist of a diverse group of many pharmaceuticals and personal care products, endocrine-disrupting compounds, and other agricultural and industrial chemicals which are not well removed through conventional wastewater treatment processes. − While their environmental and public health effects are not yet entirely understood, recently adopted EU policy will require CEC removal at many large-scale wastewater treatment plants for environmental and drinking water treatment source protection . For intentional direct or indirect potable reuse, precautions must be taken to protect the public from these compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upstream Ozone or Downstream UVAOP: Where to Manage 1,4-Dioxane and Other Trace Contaminants in High-Bromide Applications of Carbon-Based Advanced Water Treatment

Pearce,

Hogard,

Rosenfeldt

et al. 2024

ACS EST Eng.

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Alternatives for the removal of 1,4-dioxane in the context of a carbon-based advanced treatment were considered in this study. In ozonation, monochloramine used for bromate control limited 1,4-dioxane removal by scavenging hydroxyl radicals; however, most other ozone-reactive trace contaminants were well removed. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) addition enhanced 1,4-dioxane removal but could not control bromate formation when using a traditional ozone contactor, and CT credit could not be achieved. UV advanced oxidation (UVAOP) tests were conducted with H2O2 in the downstream UV disinfection system. Up to 75% removal was achieved. Pilot experiments showed that bromate could be controlled using multiple smaller ozone doses with H2O2. Analyses of chemical and energy costs were performed for the demonstration-scale and full-scale designs. O3–H2O2 using the multipoint dissolution approach of O3–H2O2 was significantly less expensive than UVAOP under most operating conditions for similar levels of 1,4-dioxane removal and was the preferred method for 1,4-dioxane removal. However, UVAOP was cost-competitive with O3–H2O2 at low GAC effluent TOC (≤2 mg/L) and if H2O2 was not quenched with free chlorine, which was a major cost of UVAOP. Early GAC regeneration to improve UVAOP performance was not cost-effective but may be necessitated by other treatment objectives.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upstream Ozone or Downstream UVAOP: Where to Manage 1,4-Dioxane and Other Trace Contaminants in High-Bromide Applications of Carbon-Based Advanced Water Treatment

Pearce,

Hogard,

Rosenfeldt

et al. 2024

ACS EST Eng.

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Health risks from protozoa in potable reuse: Implications of Florida's data set

MacNevin

Zornes

2020

AWWA Water Science

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Over the past two decades, 292 Florida water reclamation facilities (WRFs) have collected reclaimed water protozoa data. This paperexamines the data set, which includes more than 1,800 observations of each protozoan, including Cryptosporidium and Giardia. This study considers the occurrence of protozoa across WRFs and the potential implications for potable reuse. Quantitative microbial risk assessment was conducted for reclaimed waters from 20 WRFs to assess the necessary log reduction credit to treat water from each facility for Cryptosporidium and Giardia. These results are compared with advanced treatment trains based on either reverse osmosis or ozone with biologically active filtration.

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An analysis of and recommendations for comprehensive state water recycling policy strategies in the U.S.

Hopson

Fowler

2022

Resources, Conservation and Recycling

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Direct Potable Reuse Can (and Does!) Improve Water Quality: Full Results from Water Quality Testing at the Raw Water Production Facility in Big Spring

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Upstream Ozone or Downstream UVAOP: Where to Manage 1,4-Dioxane and Other Trace Contaminants in High-Bromide Applications of Carbon-Based Advanced Water Treatment

Upstream Ozone or Downstream UVAOP: Where to Manage 1,4-Dioxane and Other Trace Contaminants in High-Bromide Applications of Carbon-Based Advanced Water Treatment

Health risks from protozoa in potable reuse: Implications of Florida's data set

An analysis of and recommendations for comprehensive state water recycling policy strategies in the U.S.

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