Direct preparation of sodium stannate from lead refining dross after NaOH roasting-water leaching

Wu, Dixiu; Liu, Wei; Han, Junwei; Jiao, Fen; Gu, Kunhong; Qin, Wenqing

doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115683

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Molten salt roasting has been widely used in the disposal of solid waste by combining and matching the characteristics of various salts and is expected to play a crucial role in environmental protection and resource sustainability. − Wu et al reported that sodium hydroxide (NaOH) roasting was adopted to extract tin compounds from lead refining dross, and the results showed that approximately 93.5% of tin was converted to sodium stannate under the optimal conditions of a NaOH-to-dross mass ratio of 1.4, a roasting temperature of 450 °C, and time of 1 h. Wang et al proposed a NaOH–KOH binary molten salt roasting to prepare titanium dioxide from titanium slag, and the results showed that titanium conversion ratio was over 98% under the optimal conditions of a roasting temperature of 350 °C, an alkali-to-slag mass ratio of 1.4:1, and a particle size of 74–105 μm. These studies indicated that NaOH with high reactivity and a low melting point is preferred for molten salt roasting, but its industrial application is limited by deliquescence, strong corrosiveness, and expensive cost .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detoxification and Recovery of Spent Carbon Cathodes via NaOH–Na₂CO₃ Binary Molten Salt Roasting–Water Leaching: Toward a Circular Economy for Hazardous Solid Waste from Aluminum Electrolysis

Yao

Xiao

Mao

et al. 2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The conversion of solid waste into secondary resources has become a prerequisite for the sustainable development of the industry. This study focused on the development of the detoxification process for spent carbon cathode (SCC) without environmental pollution risks and the exploration of the recycling direction of recovered carbonaceous materials. First, the mechanism of thermodynamic conversion and decomposition of toxic substances was explored. Parameters of NaOH–Na2CO3 binary molten salt roasting were optimized through an orthogonal design and a single-factor experiment, and gas release behavior during detoxification treatment was investigated. Results showed that most of the fluoride and cyanide were dissociated and decomposed, and the leaching concentration of fluoride and cyanide was as low as 7.58 and 0.12 mg/L after detoxification treatment, respectively. Then, a multistage recovery process of fluorine from fluorine-containing leachate was designed, and the comprehensive utilization of exhaust gas and the recycling of the reaction reagent were realized simultaneously. The possibility of recovering graphitized carbon blending to prepare carbon anodes was discussed in detail, and the catalytic mechanism of main impurity elements on the O2/CO2 reactivity of carbon anodes was investigated via density-functional-based tight binding (DFTB). The results showed that the Boudouard reaction and carbon–O2 reaction were affected because of the presence of Ca or Na, and the recovered graphitized carbon with a low blending ratio was more suitable for the preparation of carbon anodes. Finally, an economic benefit analysis was conducted to evaluate the industrial application potential of the proposed detoxification treatment. Compared with landfills, the proposed process reduced the disposal cost while eliminating environmental pollution risks and realized the on-site recovery and reuse of valuable components, showing considerable environmental and economic benefits.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detoxification and Recovery of Spent Carbon Cathodes via NaOH–Na₂CO₃ Binary Molten Salt Roasting–Water Leaching: Toward a Circular Economy for Hazardous Solid Waste from Aluminum Electrolysis

Yao

Xiao

Mao

et al. 2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Sodium roasting is a commonly used technique to convert acid-resistant substances to soluble substances in extractive metallurgy [16,17]. Sodium borate can promote the carbothermic reduction of titanomagnetite and ilmenite [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Sodium Borate on the Preparation of TiN from Titanomagnetite Concentrates by Carbothermic Reduction–Magnetic Separation and Acid Leaching Process

Wen

Chen

et al. 2019

Minerals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carbothermic reduction–magnetic separation and acid leaching processes were used to produce TiN and direct reduced iron (DRI) from titanomagnetite concentrates. The effects of sodium borate on the reduction behavior of TMCs, the magnetic separation of the reduced products, and the purification of the impure TiN by acid leaching were investigated. Results of x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis showed that magnesium aluminate spinel (MgAl2O4) was generated in the reduced products, which could hinder the purification of the TiN. Adding sodium borate not only inhibited the formation of MgAl2O4, but also promoted the formation of TiN by decreasing the roasting temperature and time. Adding sodium borate slightly affected the separation of metallic Fe and TiN. By adding 16% sodium borate, a DRI with 94.3% Fe, 0.6% Ti, and 0.1% V was obtained by magnetic separation. After HCl + HF leaching, the TiN product containing 74.1% Ti and 2.8% V was obtained with the Ti recovery of 94.6% and V recovery of 58.3%.

show abstract

“…However, metallic tin was always obtained from high-temperature reduction smelting process. Besides, some secondary tin-containing resources, including stanniferous alloy, tin scrap, waste solder, and electronic waste, have also been used for preparing sodium stannate [7][8][9][10][11][12][13], and these processes would cause high production cost and long process flow. In addition, the emission of hazardous gases (NH 3 and NOx) deriving from the oxidizers (NaNO 3 ) was also a shortcoming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Quartz on the Preparation of Sodium Stannate from Cassiterite Concentrates by Soda Roasting Process

Zhang

Han

et al. 2019

Minerals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sodium stannate (Na2SnO3) has been successfully prepared by a novel process of roasting cassiterite concentrates and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) under CO–CO2 atmosphere, namely soda roasting-leaching process. However, more than 22 wt. % tin of the cassiterite was not converted into Na2SnO3 and entered the leach residues. Quartz (SiO2) is the predominant gangue in the cassiterite, and phase evolution of SnO2–SiO2–Na2CO3 system roasted under CO–CO2 atmosphere was still uncertain. In this study, the effect of SiO2 in cassiterite concentrates on preparation of Na2SnO3 was clarified. The results indicated that Na8SnSi6O18 was inevitably formed when cassiterite and Na2CO3 were roasted above 775 °C under CO–CO2 atmosphere via the reaction of SnO2 + 6SiO2 + 4Na2CO3 = Na8SnSi6O18 + 4CO2, and formation of Na8SnSi6O18 would be increased with increasing roasting temperature and Si/Sn mole fraction. In addition, it was found that Na8SnSi6O18 was insoluble in the leachate at pH value range of 1–14, which, therefore, was enriched in the leach residues. The silicon content of the cassiterite concentrates should be controlled as lower as possible to obtain a higher conversion ratio of Na2SnO3.

show abstract

Direct preparation of sodium stannate from lead refining dross after NaOH roasting-water leaching

Cited by 16 publications

References 35 publications

Detoxification and Recovery of Spent Carbon Cathodes via NaOH–Na₂CO₃ Binary Molten Salt Roasting–Water Leaching: Toward a Circular Economy for Hazardous Solid Waste from Aluminum Electrolysis

Detoxification and Recovery of Spent Carbon Cathodes via NaOH–Na₂CO₃ Binary Molten Salt Roasting–Water Leaching: Toward a Circular Economy for Hazardous Solid Waste from Aluminum Electrolysis

Effect of Sodium Borate on the Preparation of TiN from Titanomagnetite Concentrates by Carbothermic Reduction–Magnetic Separation and Acid Leaching Process

Effect of Quartz on the Preparation of Sodium Stannate from Cassiterite Concentrates by Soda Roasting Process

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Direct preparation of sodium stannate from lead refining dross after NaOH roasting-water leaching

Cited by 16 publications

References 35 publications

Detoxification and Recovery of Spent Carbon Cathodes via NaOH–Na2CO3 Binary Molten Salt Roasting–Water Leaching: Toward a Circular Economy for Hazardous Solid Waste from Aluminum Electrolysis

Detoxification and Recovery of Spent Carbon Cathodes via NaOH–Na2CO3 Binary Molten Salt Roasting–Water Leaching: Toward a Circular Economy for Hazardous Solid Waste from Aluminum Electrolysis

Effect of Sodium Borate on the Preparation of TiN from Titanomagnetite Concentrates by Carbothermic Reduction–Magnetic Separation and Acid Leaching Process

Effect of Quartz on the Preparation of Sodium Stannate from Cassiterite Concentrates by Soda Roasting Process

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Detoxification and Recovery of Spent Carbon Cathodes via NaOH–Na₂CO₃ Binary Molten Salt Roasting–Water Leaching: Toward a Circular Economy for Hazardous Solid Waste from Aluminum Electrolysis

Detoxification and Recovery of Spent Carbon Cathodes via NaOH–Na₂CO₃ Binary Molten Salt Roasting–Water Leaching: Toward a Circular Economy for Hazardous Solid Waste from Aluminum Electrolysis