Direct-push, fluorescence-based sensor systems forin situ measurement of petroleum hydrocarbons in soils

Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) Spectroscopy for the In Situ Analysis of Petroleum Product-Contaminated Soils

“…These results indicate the clear difference between fluorescence properties of dilute and neat oils, i. e a distinct concentration dependence of fluorescence spectral properties and efficiencies. Such a behavior can be caused by fluorescence quenching processes between different oil components, as shown, e.g., for benzene and naphthalene (Lieberman 1998), or in time-resolved fluorescence measurements of crude oils in different concentrations (Wang 1994). Also, reabsorption of fluorescence photons by the long-tailing absorption bands, the socalled inner filter effect, has to be considered.…”

“…The employment of fluorescence techniques for in situ analysis of soil contaminations has received considerable attention only during the last decade. The combination of LIF instrumentation with geotechnical drilling equipment for real-time subsurface detection of oil pollutions, as pioneered by Lieberman et al (Lieberman 1990), and field demonstrations have recently been described in detail in technology reviews and a monograph (Hart 1997, Lieberman 1998, Balshaw-Biddle 2000. Importantly, LIF-based techniques find increasing regulatory acceptance and have been verified as field screening methods for petroleum products by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA).…”

Guest Editorial

“…Petroleum hydrocarbons in soils Technology review on direct-push¯uorescence-based sensors for determining subsurface chemical contaminants; dierent systems and con®gurations presented (Lieberman, 1998).…”

On-site and in-situ analysis of contaminated soils using laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy

“…Even though soils with their complex chemistry and strong variations in physical properties represent one of the most difficult environmental matrices, the promising potential of the technique in the assessment of contaminated sites has been elaborated and demonstrated outstandingly by the work of Liebermann and co-workers [1,2]. Profound and intense work has been spend on the understanding of chemical interactions, photophysical properties [3,4,5] and processes [6] and the improvement of detection and evaluation techniques.…”