Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) Spectroscopy for the In Situ Analysis of Petroleum Product-Contaminated Soils

Schultze, Rainer; Lemke, M.; Löhmannsröben, H.‐G.

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-08255-3_5

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…), an important role is assigned to the LIF method. [14][15][16] have been devoted to this direction, and they should be the subject of separate consideration. The aim of this work was to develop an LIBS method for determination of carbon in soil from the analytical line in the near IR region of the spectrum, with its excitation in a special combination discharge regime.…”

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Determination of carbon in soil by laser spectral analysis

et al. 2008

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We have used a combination laser/electrospark method for fast determination of carbon content in soil. Excitation of the spectra is carried out both directly in a laser ablation plume and when a pulsed electric discharge is applied to it. We have plotted a calibration curve that is linear for the major concentration range of practical importance for the analyte element, all the way up to 8.6%. The carbon detection limit for the combination discharge approach is 0.07%. We have analyzed the ratio of the nitrogen and carbon contents, and also the hydrogen and carbon contents as a function of the carbon concentration in the studied soils samples.Description of the Method. The laser spectral analysis method (LIBS, laser-induced breakdown spectrometry) essentially involves exposure of the analyte sample to a focused high-power laser radiation flux, ablation of the sample material and formation of a plasma plume, the luminescence spectrum of which is recorded by a detector and processed by a measurement system [1][2][3]. Generally the amount of the material entering the plasma plume is fractions of a microgram, so LIBS is actually considered a nondestructive method.Broad development and application of LIBS began as a result of technical upgrade and expansion of production of high-power laser radiation sources based on yttrium aluminum garnet operating in the frequency regime. An important role was played by development of semiconductor 2-D array optical signal detectors, systems for data accumulation and processing, and optical instruments with high spectral resolution. Expansion of the area of application of LIBS is also due to more thorough study of the laser plasma itself: methods have been refined for determining the electron concentration and temperature of the plasma plume, self-absorption of emission spectral lines, the presence of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). Thus the foundations have been laid for determination of the elemental composition of analyte objects without using certified samples [4,5], although the latter have maintained their role in validation of LIBS methods and also in cases involving analysis of samples of rather complex composition. The correctness of the results obtained by LIBS in the standard-free variant can be ensured, in the absence of matrix effects, when stoichiometry is satisfied in the composition of the plasma and the test object, which is possible when the power density of the laser radiation is at a level higher than 1 GW/cm 2 .In order to improve the sensitivity of LIBS, "dual" laser pulses are used [6,7], i.e., a second laser pulse is applied to the ablation plume with a certain time delay, which excites the material vaporized by the precursor in the relatively rarefied state of the vapor/gas atmosphere; in this case, robustness of the discharge is increased, re-absorption of the spectral lines is reduced.LIBS is a very promising method for solving practical problems in many areas of science and technology: quality control for industrial production, the composition of c...

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Determination of carbon in soil by laser spectral analysis

et al. 2008

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“…All measurements were performed using excitation wavelength of 266 nm and an optical filter (295 nm cut off) for detection. In [10], the system is described in detail. For comparison, a second LIF-device, manufactured by the Laser Laboratorium Göttingen, was employed.…”

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On-site and in-situ analysis of contaminated soils using laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy

Schultze

Lewitzka

2005

Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring, GIS Applications, and Geology V

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Quantitative analysis of unknown PAH contaminated soil samples have been performed using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy and strategies for a safe application of calibration routines under field conditions have been developed. Influences of varying matrix properties have been investigated using LIF and diffuse reflectance (DR) spectroscopy. A petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated former military site has been investigated and the results from the on-site LIF measurements are compared to the results of additional laboratory analysis. A three dimensional dataset of analyte concentrations has been prepared and extent, distribution and origin of the contamination are discussed. A fiber optical probe for in-situ LIF-investigations in the subsurface has been developed. The probe has been tested in investigations of soil columns and within in-situ measurements at a former gas work site.

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“…On the other hand fluorescence of mainly organic substances still allow interesting applications near or at the earth's surface. For instance, contamination of soils with petroleum products is detected in situ with high sensitivity using fluorescence (Schultze et al, 2004) and fluorescence lidars are used for remotely detecting oil spills, phytoplankton and chlorophyll on the surface of the sea (Cecchi et al, 2003). The investigation of fluorescence from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons adsorbed on suspended particles was pioneered by Allegrini and Omenetto (1979) and the group of Niessner et al (1991).…”

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Fluorescence from atmospheric aerosol detected by a lidar indicates biogenic particles in the lowermost stratosphere

2005

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Abstract. With a lidar system that was installed in Lindenberg/Germany, we observed in June 2003 an extended aerosol layer at 13 km altitude in the lowermost stratosphere. This layer created an inelastic backscatter signal that we detected with a water vapour Raman channel, but that was not produced by Raman scattering. Also, we find evidence for inelastic scattering from a smoke plume from a forest fire that we observed in the troposphere. We interpret the unexpected properties of these aerosols as fluorescence induced by the laser beam at organic components of the aerosol particles. Fluorescence from ambient aerosol had not yet been considered detectable by lidar systems. However, organic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons sticking to the aerosol particles, or bioaerosol such as bacteria, spores or pollen fluoresce when excited with UV-radiation in a way that is detectable by our lidar system. Therefore, we conclude that fluorescence from organic material released by biomass burning creates, inelastic backscatter signals that we measured with our instrument and thus demonstrate a new and powerful way to characterize aerosols by a remote sensing technique. The stratospheric aerosol layer that we have observed in Lindenberg for three consecutive days is likely to be a remnant from Siberian forest fire plumes lifted across the tropopause and transported around the globe.

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Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) Spectroscopy for the In Situ Analysis of Petroleum Product-Contaminated Soils

Cited by 14 publications

References 18 publications

Determination of carbon in soil by laser spectral analysis

Determination of carbon in soil by laser spectral analysis

On-site and in-situ analysis of contaminated soils using laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy

Fluorescence from atmospheric aerosol detected by a lidar indicates biogenic particles in the lowermost stratosphere

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