Direct reduction and beneficiation of a refractory siderite lump

Abstract

Siderite is refractory to beneficiate and is directly used as burden for ironmaking because of its high loss of ignition (LOI) and decompositions of carbonate. In this paper, mineralogy of a siderite lump was studied, a process of coal-based direct reduction-magnetic separation of the siderite lump sample was proposed and process parameters have been optimised. It is shown that the final sponge iron powder, assaying 92?40% of Fe and 92?28% of metallisation degree, was manufactured with iron recovery of 96?60% under the following conditions: reducing siderite lump sample with 40?62% Fe and the particle size between 8 and 10 mm at 1050uC for 100 min and carbon to iron ratio of 2?3. Followed by wet grinding of reduced sample to 80% passing 0?037 mm and magnetic separation with Davis tube at 0?1 T magnetic field intensity. The author proposed an effective way of using siderite ores as burdens for electric arc furnace to produce superior special steel.

Iron Carbonate Beneficiation Through Reductive Calcination – Parameter Optimization to Maximize Methane Formation

“…Even with the increasing share of recycled steel (= secondary steel),, primary production from iron ores will continue to be a major contributor to steel production and, thus, CO 2 emissions. In regions with major mineral iron carbonate (= siderite) reserves, such as China and Austria, iron and steel production is based on siderite ores. Due to the lower iron content of siderite compared to magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) and hematite (Fe 2 O 3 ) ores, its beneficiation poses a challenge.…”

Effect of Heating Rate on Pyrolysis Behavior and Kinetic Characteristics of Siderite

“…Magnetization roasting followed by magnetic separation was the most effective technology for the exploitation and utilization of siderite resources [1][2][3][4]. During the process, the siderite could be transformed to a highly magnetic mineral phase, while the magnetism of gangue minerals was barely changed, benefiting magnetic separation of the iron minerals and gangue minerals effectively [5][6][7][8][9]. The pyrolysis behavior and kinetic characteristics are important to better understand and further improve the magnetization roasting for siderite.…”

Application of Red Mud in Wastewater Treatment

“…The composition of RM is affected by the chemical composition of bauxite and the production of alumina. The main components of RM are Fe 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , CaO, Na 2 O, and TiO 2 , which account for approximately 85% of RM [20]. RM produced by the Bayer method has a much higher content of Fe 2 O 3 than that produced by the combined process.…”