Direct simulation of flexible fibers

Joung, C.G.; Phan‐Thien, N.; Xie, Fan

doi:10.1016/s0377-0257(01)00113-6

Cited by 103 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Unlike conventional solids used in gas-liquid-solid slurry systems, which are typically spherical, or slightly irregular, fibrous solids may be flexible and have a large aspect ratio, leading to fiber deformation and orientation as additional suspension characteristics (Schmid et al, 2000;Joung et al, 2001). In addition, mechanical contacts result in fiber-fiber interaction, which make the fiber suspension effective viscosity increase significantly with fiber addition (Sundararaj akumar and Koch, 1997).…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fibers may be flexible and tend to deform in the flow direction, which can significantly influence the rheological characteristics of the fiber suspension. Joung et al (2001) reviewed the effect of fiber flexibility on fiber suspension apparent viscosity. Only accounting for hydrodynamic interaction, their simulation showed that the viscosity of semi-concentrated flexible fiber suspensions was 7-10% greater than the equivalent rigid fiber suspension, and the viscosity was inversely dependent on the fiber stiffness.…”

Section: Suspension Viscositymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the results in Figure 4.20, it is apparent that the effective viscosity may be influenced by fiber aspect ratio, in addition to fiber mass fraction, and small aspect ratio fibers can have a significant effect on the rheology of the fiber suspension. Fiber flexibility also influences the suspension viscosity and, according to Joung et al (2001), the viscosity would increase by 7-10% when simulating flexible fibers compared to straight rigid fibers. Forgas and Mason (1959) contend that fiber flexibility is related to fiber aspect ratio (see Eq.…”

Section: Gas Holdup In Short Rayon Fiber Suspensions (L = 038 and 1 Mm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effective viscosity depends on fiber type, fiber mass fraction, fiber length, and shear rate (Joung et al, 2001). Switzer and Klingenberg (2003) argued that the effective viscosity is a function of NfL 3 and increases with increasing NfL 3 .…”

Section: Homogeneous and The First Part Of The Transitional Flow Regimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fiber flexibility has an effect on fiber flocculation and the effective viscosity (Joung et al, 2001;Switzer and Klingenberg, 2004), both of which affect gas holdup. For the present study, fiber density is very close to the liquid phase (water), and pf/pi » 1, hence, it is neglected in the nondimensional analysis.…”

Section: Appendix B: Nondimensional Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gas holdup in a gas-liquid-fiber semi-batch bubble column

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Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Suspension Viscositymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gas Holdup In Short Rayon Fiber Suspensions (L = 038 and 1 Mm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Homogeneous and The First Part Of The Transitional Flow Regimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Appendix B: Nondimensional Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sheet Molding Compounds

Orgéas,

Dumont

2012

Wiley Encyclopedia of Composites

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Sheet molding compounds (SMC) are fiber‐reinforced thermosetting semifinished products. They are produced in thin uncured and thickened sheets that can be handled easily before their forming process. To a larger extent, SMC is a generic term that designates such types of compounds together with the process to convert them into large composite parts, which mainly display shell‐like geometry. This process is usually compression molding. SMC are widely used in a large diversity of fields of applications (aerospace, agricultural, rail and marine, electrical and energy, domestic appliance, building and construction, and medical sectors), but the automotive and truck industries remain the drivers of SMC technology. After a short introduction, this article gives successively detailed descriptions of (i) the materials used in SMC, (ii) their compounding, (iii) the compression molding process, (iv) the final properties of SMC, and (v) SMC recycling.

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Relationship between the Processing, Structure, and Properties of Microfibrillar Composites

2020

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biomedical products. [3] However, the key to developing new materials does not only lie in the polymer synthesis itself but also in the modification of available polymers. The most frequent modification method is melt blending of different polymers because it is considered an easy way of making new materials with outstanding properties, such as toughness, stiffness, and chemical and thermal resistance. A number of comprehensive studies on polymer blending [4-13] have pointed out the importance of the microstructure of the blends and its relationship with physical and mechanical properties. [14-16] Moreover, what happens during the processing of the blends is important as the flow and viscosity of the polymers may affect the final blends' properties. [7,17] The morphology strongly depends on mixing methods, and the size and shape of the dispersed component are crucial for obtaining good mechanical performances. [18] On the one hand, polymer blends may meet some limitations in obtaining optimal physical and mechanical properties due to the interfacial separation that will occur as a result of the immiscibility of two or more components. [5,7-9,19-22] Therefore, it is necessary to control the morphology of the immiscible blend, like the size and shape of the dispersed component. [4,10] On the other hand, the blend with well-dispersed particles may increase the impact strength of the matrix, [18] while blends with sheet-shaped dispersions may improve barrier properties [23] and those with fibers can improve the unidirectional strength. [18] Still, the improvement of any given property will strongly depend on the rigidity of the dispersed component, as there is a huge difference in the reinforcement effect of rigid and elastomeric particles. [11,15,24,25] By varying the composition, and the viscosity and elasticity ratio of the components used in blending, the phase morphology can be optimized. [4,7,10,26] However, to overcome the problem of immiscibility, different fillers or compatibilizers are frequently used to promote the interfacial adhesion between the polymeric constituents. [11,27-35] The purpose of incorporation of compatibilizers into polymer mixtures is to reduce the particle size and hinder the coalescence effect, to improve the dispersion and distribution of the minor component and to increase the interfacial adhesion between the matrix and the dispersed component. In fact, the compatibilizer reduces the interfacial energy and facilitates the stress transfer across the matrix-particle interface. [11,27,29,34-36] The relationship between processing, morphology, and properties of polymeric materials has been the subject of numerous studies of academic and industrial research. Finding an answer to this question might result in guidelines on how to design polymeric materials. Microfibrillar composites (MFCs) are an interesting class of polymer-polymer composites. The advantage of the MFC concept lies in developing in situ microfibrils by which a perfect homogeneous distribution of the reinforcement in the ma...

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Direct simulation of flexible fibers

Cited by 103 publications

References 46 publications

Gas holdup in a gas-liquid-fiber semi-batch bubble column

Gas holdup in a gas-liquid-fiber semi-batch bubble column

Sheet Molding Compounds

Relationship between the Processing, Structure, and Properties of Microfibrillar Composites

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