Direct sulfation of cellulose fibers using a reactive deep eutectic solvent to produce highly charged cellulose nanofibers

Sirviö, Juho Antti; Ukkola, Jonne; Liimatainen, Henrikki

doi:10.1007/s10570-019-02257-8

Cited by 147 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(103 reference statements)

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“…[25] Therefore, a strategy using sulfamic acid and urea to form an effective DES (through a hydrogen bonding interaction [17]) was schemed. [28] In the current study, sulfamic acid, applied as part of reactive DES, reacts with OH groups of sawdust forming corresponding ammonium salt of sulfate ester (Scheme 1). As the mass ratio between DES and sawdust was low and raw sawdust was applied in a large size (ca.…”

Section: Anionization Of Sawdust In Desmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…[27] Nevertheless, sulfamic acid composed DES was reported for sulfation of cellulose without using any external solvent. [28] The efficiency of sulfation was monitored by both elemental analysis (sulfur and nitrogen) and polyelectrolyte titration. The aim was to monitor mechano-chemical sulfation and its effect on nanofibrillation and nanofiber properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation of flame-retardant lignin-containing wood nanofibers using a high-consistency mechano-chemical pretreatment

Sirviö

Hong

Ämmälä

et al. 2019

Chemical Engineering Journal

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Highlights Mechano-chemical pretreatment was developed to produce anionic wood nanofiber. Deep eutectic solvent worked both as reactive agent and medium for the reaction. The reaction consistency of wood biomass was greatly improved (up to 60 wt%). Anionic wood nanofibers obtained high sulfate group contents (up to 3.1 mmol g -1 ). Multi-functional films can be fabricated from anionic wood nanofibers.ASNFs was obtained with high sulfate group contents (up to 3.1 mmol g -1 ). Besides, the ASNFs possessed a well-individualized structure with a homogeneous size distribution (3-5 nm in width). More importantly, films fabricated from ASNFs achieved strong flame resistance and good mechanical strength. Due to the presence of lignin, ASNF films were able to block over 90% of UV light (at a wavelength of 200-400 nm). The investigated functionalities of ASNFs led the lignocellulosic biomass residuals to be converted to high value-added bioproducts.Therefore, the reactive DES treatment combined with milling and heating process offers a practical and sustainable route for multi-functional biomaterial production, which can be potentially utilized, even at an industrial scale.

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Section: Anionization Of Sawdust In Desmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of flame-retardant lignin-containing wood nanofibers using a high-consistency mechano-chemical pretreatment

Sirviö

Hong

Ämmälä

et al. 2019

Chemical Engineering Journal

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“…14 Like conventional TEMPO or acid treatments, the reported DES treatments most often introduce anionic functionalities into the CNC through carboxylation. [15][16][17][18][19] Few treatments are reported to introduce cationic groups, such as guanidine, and they usually require multiple processing steps. [20][21][22][23] A cheap and facile path to cationic nanocellulose however broadens their application range, for example as sorbents for wastewater treatment to remove harmful anionic contaminants, 23,24 and expands the toolbox of building blocks for complex and sustainable composite materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-step method for the preparation of cationic nanocellulose in reactive eutectic media

et al. 2021

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“…19,20 Nonmodifying methods (i.e., no or only minimal decrease in DP or alteration of cellulose structure) based on deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have recently been used for the sustainable production of CNFs. [21][22][23][24][25] In addition to DESs' use as nonmodifying pretreatment media, they can be harnessed as solvents for chemical derivatization 26,27 and as reagents 28 that can even be recycled 29 in CNF production. DESs are ionic liquid analogues that are obtained by the simple mixture of two or more components and can often be derived from green and bulk chemicals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-strength cellulose nanofibers producedviaswelling pretreatment based on a choline chloride–imidazole deep eutectic solvent

et al. 2020

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A deep eutectic solvent (DES) based on choline chloride and imidazole (CCIMI) was investigated for swelling of cellulose fibers prior to mechanical disintegration into cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). The dimensions of the DES treated and washed fibers were investigated after various treatment conditions (time, temperature, and cellulose consistency) using DES based on choline chloride-urea (CCUrea) and pure imidazole as references. Even mild treatment conditions (15 minutes at 60°C) with CCIMI increased the diameter of the fibers from 18.1 to 18.9 μm, and a maximum diameter of 19.9 μm was obtained after three hours at 100°C. Overall, CCIMI resulted in a higher degree of swelling compared to both references. In addition, pure imidazole caused a decrease in the degree of polymerization of cellulose, whereas cellulose degradation in CCIMI was negligible. The mechanical disintegration of CCIMI-treated fibers resulted in the production of CNF films with very good mechanical properties-specific tensile strength and work capacity being over 200 kNm kg −1 and 10 kJ kg −1 , respectively-whereas CNFs films produced using choline chloride-urea had notably lower values (182 kNM kg −1 and 7 kJ kg −1 , respectively). In addition, CNF films exhibited good oxygen barrier properties, even at an elevated relative humidity level (80%). CCIMI could be recycled without any effect on the mechanical properties of CNF films. The results presented here indicate CCIMI is a highly efficient pretreatment media for swelling and further nanofibrillation of cellulose, even at mild treatment conditions. † Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Fiber width and CWT at various concentrations, DRIFT spectra, photograph of CNF aerogels, and TGA curves. See

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Direct sulfation of cellulose fibers using a reactive deep eutectic solvent to produce highly charged cellulose nanofibers

Cited by 147 publications

References 83 publications

Preparation of flame-retardant lignin-containing wood nanofibers using a high-consistency mechano-chemical pretreatment

Preparation of flame-retardant lignin-containing wood nanofibers using a high-consistency mechano-chemical pretreatment

One-step method for the preparation of cationic nanocellulose in reactive eutectic media

High-strength cellulose nanofibers producedviaswelling pretreatment based on a choline chloride–imidazole deep eutectic solvent

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