One-step method for the preparation of cationic nanocellulose in reactive eutectic media

Jaekel, Esther E.; Sirviö, Juho Antti; Antonietti, Markus; Filonenko, Svitlana

doi:10.1039/d0gc04282j

Cited by 34 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…17 In this work, rod-like CNCs were prepared by using ammonia formate/glycolic acid deep eutectic solvent. 18 The isolated CNCs have an average width of 15-20 nm and a length of 150-250 nm, as revealed by TEM (Fig. 1a).…”

Section: Preparation and Characterization Of Pickering Emulgelsbased Inksmentioning

confidence: 82%

Pickering emulgels reinforced with host–guest supramolecular inclusion complexes for high fidelity direct ink writing

et al. 2022

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Section: Preparation and Characterization Of Pickering Emulgelsbased Inksmentioning

confidence: 82%

Pickering emulgels reinforced with host–guest supramolecular inclusion complexes for high fidelity direct ink writing

et al. 2022

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“…With its ability to form strong hydrogen bonds, the eutectic medium serves as a cellulose‐solubilizing agent, while the presence of a Leuckart reagent provides the reactivity toward the reductive amination of carbonyl groups in the cellulose chains. [ 97 ]…”

Section: Methods Of Cncs Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Production Methods for Cellulose Nanocrystals: Leading to More Sustainable Processes

Tang

Yang

Vignolini

2022

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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202100100polymers, hemicelluloses and lignin, further assembling into cellulose fibers. Cellulose microfibrils are semicrystalline as the tight packing of cellulose chains at the biosynthesis site leads to the formation of crystalline regions which are stabilized by intra-and intermolecular hydrogen bonds as well as dispersion forces. [4] These crystalline regions are periodically separated by very short areas (a few nanometers) where the molecules are disordered but still aligned along the fiber axis. [5,6] These disordered regions are crucial to CNCs preparation and determines the length of resulting CNCs upon chemical treatments. Recent studies suggest such defects are artificially formed during processing, such as drying, rather than inherent to the native microfibril structures. [7,8] CNCs, also known as nanowhiskers, are colloidal rodshaped particles characterized by high crystallinity. [9] They can be extracted from various cellulose sources from plants such as wood pulp, cotton, and ramie, to tunicate and bacteria. [10] Due to their low densities (about 1.6 g cm −3 [11] ) and impressive mechanical strengths (Young's modulus above 100 GPa in the axial direction, similar to that of Kevlar [12,13] ), CNCs have found applications as reinforcement agents in polymer nanocomposites, [14] oxygen and moisture barriers, [14] and for smart coatings in photonic applications, [15] electronic materials, [16] biodegradable packing and food ingredients. [17] The growing interest in such a novel biomaterial has resulted in accelerated industrial production of CNCs, with several companies active in the sector. [18][19][20] As an example, Celluforce is a fully functioning industrial plant in Canada that uses wood pulp as a raw material to produce up to 300 tons of CNCs annually. Melodea Ltd is currently operating a pilot-scale production line that produces sulfated CNCs in Israel (producing 100 kg per day), which, once fully scaled-up, should ultimately be able to produce 200 tons of CNCs per year in Sweden. The University of Maine Process Development Center, based in the US, can produce 90 kg of sulfated CNCs a week from dissolving wood pulp. GranBio (formerly American Process) exploits agricultural residues to produce CNCs using sulfur dioxide/ethanol mixtures with a production capacity of 0.5 ton per day. Blue Goose Biorefineries and Anomera (both in Canada) are producing carboxylated CNCs from viscose grade dissolving pulp with a capacity of about 100-150 kg per week.However, so far, the production of CNCs on an industrial scale mainly relies on sulfuric acid hydrolysis. The first successful preparation of an aqueous colloidal cellulose solution was by Rånby in 1949 using 2.5 N sulfuric acid. [21,22] Since then,

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“…Together with the presence of ions, the hydrogen bonding makes it possible to dissolve and disperse resilient and complex polysaccharides with high concentrations. 69 Examples include cellulose, 70,71 chitin, 72,73 chitosan, 74 lignin, 32,75 starch, 76,77 and other polysaccharides, such as polyfructans, 27 xanthan gum, 78 guar gum, 35 agarose, 79 carrageenan, 80 among others. DES can even dissolve and deconstruct unusual sources of biomass, such as keratin, 81 wool, 82,83 collagen, 84 and silk, 85,86 expanding to biomass building blocks considered waste for their upcycling.…”

Section: Des Monomers or Polymerization Of Dessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nanocellulose can be obtained using reactive and nonreactive acidic DESs, 70,71,107 resulting in varied surface chemistries. These biopolymer nanocrystals interpenetrated with poly(acrylic acid) synthesized in situ in ethylene glycol-ChCl DESs can be further crosslinked with metal cations (e.g., Al 3+ ) 55 or small molecules (e.g., phytic acid) 59 able to bridge polar groups in the polymeric network and the DES through dynamic noncovalent bonds, hence exhibiting interesting self-healing and reversible physical interactions for additive manufacturing processes, such as 3D printing.…”

Section: Des-based Eutectogels and Supramolecular Eutectogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transforming nature into the next generation of bio-based flexible devices: New avenues using deep eutectic systems

Mota‐Morales

Morales‐Narváez

2021

Matter

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One-step method for the preparation of cationic nanocellulose in reactive eutectic media

Abstract: A novel method based on the use of reactive eutectic media was developed for the extraction of cellulose nanocrystals and their functionalization with positively charged functional groups in a one-step...

Cited by 34 publications

References 36 publications

Pickering emulgels reinforced with host–guest supramolecular inclusion complexes for high fidelity direct ink writing

Pickering emulgels reinforced with host–guest supramolecular inclusion complexes for high fidelity direct ink writing

Recent Progress in Production Methods for Cellulose Nanocrystals: Leading to More Sustainable Processes

Transforming nature into the next generation of bio-based flexible devices: New avenues using deep eutectic systems

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