Direct synthesis of dimethyl ether from synthesis gas: Experimental study and mathematical modeling

Kinetics of the direct DME synthesis from CO2 rich syngas under variation of the CZA-to-γ-Al2O3 ratio of a mixed catalyst bed

“…In a previous study, 21 applying a dynamic optimization scheme and experimental validation we showed that these effects hold true also for high pressure (50 bar) and different compositions of CO 2 rich syngas, including a hydrogen-lean feed. Other studies 20,21,25 on the loading and arrangement of physical catalyst mixtures have shown that homogeneously mixed catalyst beds achieve similarly good process performance compared to more complex congurations.…”

“…With regard to the composition of the catalyst bed, previous investigations 14, [20][21][22][23] have shown on the basis of simulated and experimental data that optimization can lead to signicant enhancement of the process performance. For instance, in the studies of Peláez et al 15 and Peinado et al 24 the authors showed that for CO 2 rich synthesis gas a signicant increase in the performance is achieved by increasing the CZA-to-g-Al 2 O 3 ratio.…”

“…Estimated parameters in re-parameterized form according to eqn(19) and(20), and 95% confidence intervalsCO 2 hydrogenation 3.19 (AE0.04) mol kg À1 s À1 bar À4 7.60 (AE2.20) MeOH dehydration À5.72 (AE0.07) mol kg À1 s À1 bar À2 24.58 (AE3.22) WGSR 1.74 (AE0.11) mol kg À1 s À1 bar À2 40.77 (AE4.96)…”

Sorption enhanced dimethyl ether synthesis under industrially relevant conditions: experimental validation of pressure swing regeneration

“…5,6,26,30,[59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67] DME synthesis, however, is far from equilibrium for all catalyst compositions and the DME yield keeps increasing with temperature. 6,68 Despite the fact that the temperature for methanol dehydration is generally higher, 4,27,31,69 direct DME synthesis is often performed at temperatures of around 250°C, 5,6,26,[59][60][61][62] not only because the methanol synthesis is considered to be the rate determining step in direct DME…”

Intensification of Catalytic Processes through the Pellet Structuring: Steady-State Properties of a Bifunctional Catalyst Pellet Applied to Generic Chemical Reactions and the Direct Synthesis of DME

“…The concept of optimal distribution of a single catalytic activity within the pellet was investigated comprehensively in the past [7], but the number of reports dealing with the influence of the spatial distribution of two or more types of catalytic active sites within the pellet on its performance is very limited, even when considering generic systems of chemical reactions [1]. Now, taking into account both the global energy crisis and the attempts of cost reduction via process integration and intensification, much academic and industrial attention is given to a process of direct synthesis of dimethyl ether (DME) from synthesis gas (syngas) on a bifunctional catalyst [8]. Other examples of solid-catalyzed chemical processes that may be conducted using multifunctional catalyst pellets include conversion of syngas into other liquid hydrocarbons and hydroisomerization of n-alkanes [9,10].…”