Direct Targeting of Light Signals to a Promoter Element-Bound Transcription Factor

Martínez‐Garcia, Jaime F.; Huq, Enamul; Quail, Peter H.

doi:10.1126/science.288.5467.859

Cited by 595 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The seven genes assigned to the vernalization, GA, or autonomous pathway were little expressed in all plants while the seven photoperiod genes behaved differently. Regarding to photoperiod, red/far red light receptor phytochromes PHYA and PHYB [44,45] and blue light receptor cryptochromes CRY1 and CRY2 [46,47] serve as the entry of the clock [40], which employs the negative CCA1 and TOC1 transcriptional feedback loop to control day-night rhythm of photoperiod gene expression [40,48,49]. RfBP did not cause evident effect on CCA1 as its expression levels were similar in all plants through out the course of time.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Downregulation of leaf flavin content induces early flowering and photoperiod gene expression in Arabidopsis

Zhu

Tian

et al. 2014

BMC Plant Biol

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BackgroundRiboflavin is the precursor of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), essential cofactors for many metabolic enzymes that catalyze a variety of biochemical reactions. Previously we showed that free flavin (riboflavin, FMN, and FAD) concentrations were decreased in leaves of transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing a turtle riboflavin-binding protein (RfBP). Here, we report that flavin downregulation by RfBP induces the early flowering phenotype and enhances expression of floral promoting photoperiod genes.ResultsEarly flowering was a serendipitous phenomenon and was prudently characterized as a constant phenotype of RfBP-expressing transgenic Arabidopsis plants in both long days and short days. The phenotype was eliminated when leaf free flavins were brought back to the steady-state levels either by the RfBP gene silencing and consequently nullified production of the RfBP protein, or by external riboflavin feeding treatment. RfBP-induced early flowering was correlated with enhanced expression of floral promoting photoperiod genes and the florigen gene FT in leaves but not related to genes assigned to vernalization, autonomous, and gibberellin pathways, which provide flowering regulation mechanisms alternative to the photoperiod. RfBP-induced early flowering was further correlated with increased expression of the FD gene encoding bZIP transcription factor FD essential for flowering time control and the floral meristem identity gene AP1 in the shoot apex. By contrast, the expression of FT and photoperiod genes in leaves and the expression of FD and AP1 in the shoot apex were no longer enhanced when the RfBP gene was silenced, RfBP protein production canceled, and flavin concentrations were elevated to the steady-state levels inside plant leaves.ConclusionsToken together, our results provide circumstantial evidence that downregulation of leaf flavin content by RfBP induces early flowering and coincident enhancements of genes that promote flowering through the photoperiod pathway.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-014-0237-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Downregulation of leaf flavin content induces early flowering and photoperiod gene expression in Arabidopsis

Zhu

Tian

et al. 2014

BMC Plant Biol

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“…The light perceived by these photoreceptors is a crucial signal that synchronizes the circadian clock to seasonal changes in daylength. Clock resetting (entrainment) is achieved by the multiple signaling events that occur downstream of PHYA and PHYB, one of which is interacted with PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 3 (PIF3), a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor (Martínez-García et al, 2000). The internal components of the central circadian oscillator in A. thaliana, circadian clock associated 1 (CCA1) and late elongated hypocotyl (LHY) proteins, are the targets of the complex of PHYB-PIF3 (Imaizumi, 2010).…”

Section: Photoperiod Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergence of Flowering‐Related Genes in Three Legume Species

Kim

Kang

Lee³

et al. 2013

The Plant Genome

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We used a set of approximately 200 Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. genes that are involved in the control of flowering time as a reference to identify orthologous (or homologous) counterparts of these genes in three legume species, that is, Lotus corniculatus L. var. (FPIs), and floral meristem identity. Many key genes, including the FPI genes FT, SOC1, and LFY, are conserved in the legumes while CO, FRI, FLC, and FD were not. Eighteen genes were conserved as single copy genes in all three legume species, including GI, VRN2, COP1, and TSF. The chromosomal distribution of paralog-rich genes revealed differences in the major evolutionary processes affecting flowering genes in legumes, including whole genome duplication in soybean, tandem duplication in M. truncatula, and ectopic duplication in L. corniculatus var. japonicus. High divergence was observed among the members of large gene families, most containing transcription factors, indicating the accumulation of gene copies and gene divergence during evolutionary adaptations to environmental changes.

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“…PIF1, a potent PSY gene repressor, effects control through direct binding to at least one of the the two G-box (CACGTG) elements found in the PSY promoter. Indeed, PIFs have been shown to preferentially target G-box motifs in a range of genes [8], [18]–[21]. Suppression of PSY transcription is strongest in etiolated seedlings when PIF are abundant, while exposure to light leads to a depletion in PIF levels and concomitant de-repression in PSY expression [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The HY5-PIF Regulatory Module Coordinates Light and Temperature Control of Photosynthetic Gene Transcription

et al. 2014

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The ability to interpret daily and seasonal alterations in light and temperature signals is essential for plant survival. This is particularly important during seedling establishment when the phytochrome photoreceptors activate photosynthetic pigment production for photoautotrophic growth. Phytochromes accomplish this partly through the suppression of PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs), negative regulators of chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis. While the bZIP transcription factor LONG HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), a potent PIF antagonist, promotes photosynthetic pigment accumulation in response to light. Here we demonstrate that by directly targeting a common promoter cis-element (G-box), HY5 and PIFs form a dynamic activation-suppression transcriptional module responsive to light and temperature cues. This antagonistic regulatory module provides a simple, direct mechanism through which environmental change can redirect transcriptional control of genes required for photosynthesis and photoprotection. In the regulation of photopigment biosynthesis genes, HY5 and PIFs do not operate alone, but with the circadian clock. However, sudden changes in light or temperature conditions can trigger changes in HY5 and PIFs abundance that adjust the expression of common target genes to optimise photosynthetic performance and growth.

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Direct Targeting of Light Signals to a Promoter Element-Bound Transcription Factor

Cited by 595 publications

References 38 publications

Downregulation of leaf flavin content induces early flowering and photoperiod gene expression in Arabidopsis

Downregulation of leaf flavin content induces early flowering and photoperiod gene expression in Arabidopsis

Divergence of Flowering‐Related Genes in Three Legume Species

The HY5-PIF Regulatory Module Coordinates Light and Temperature Control of Photosynthetic Gene Transcription

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