Direct-to-Consumer Marketing of Predictive Medical Genetic Tests: Assessment of Current Practices and Policy Recommendations

Liu, Yuping; Pearson, Yvette E.

doi:10.1509/jppm.27.2.131

Cited by 33 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Most consumers have little experiential knowledge of molecular biology and genetics (Goddard et al 2007;Ten Eyck and Williment 2003), making the mass media and companies offering DTC genetic tests the primary sources of information for this subject (Liu and Pearson 2008). Time and Newsweek magazines have devoted numerous covers to the subject, typically framing it as a miracle technology that will revolutionize the practice of medicine (Caulfield 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Use of risk information to change behavior and prevent disease (prevention framing) is another common presentation of genetic information (Collins et al 2003). Studies of DTC genetic testing websites and DTC advertising of genetic tests have also found excessive use of empowerment framing (Bowen et al 2005;Gulcher and Stefansson 2010;Hall and Gartner 2009;Lee and Crawley 2009;Liu and Pearson 2008;Matloff and Caplan 2008;McGowan and Fishman 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perception of Direct‐To‐Consumer Genetic Testing and Direct‐To‐Consumer Advertising of Genetic Tests among Members of a Large Managed Care Organization

Rahm

Feigelson

Wägner

et al. 2012

Journal of Genetic Counseling

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This small qualitative study was designed to determine possible attitudes toward and understanding of direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing among members of a large managed care organization, and whether differences might exist between population groups. Ten focus groups were conducted by population type (high risk, White, African American, Hispanic/Latino) to determine knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about DTC genetics. Focus group transcripts were coded for attitudes toward and framing of the issue. Study results found participants were negative towards DTC genetic testing but they also found some aspects useful. Participants framed the issue mainly in terms of disease prevention and uncertainty of reaction to results, with some variation between population types. The concept of an "Informed Consumer," or process to seek information when the issue becomes personally relevant, emerged. This concept suggests that individuals may seek additional assistance to make personally-appropriate choices when faced with a DTC advertisement or genetic test.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception of Direct‐To‐Consumer Genetic Testing and Direct‐To‐Consumer Advertising of Genetic Tests among Members of a Large Managed Care Organization

Rahm

Feigelson

Wägner

et al. 2012

Journal of Genetic Counseling

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“…The appearance of DTC genetic tests has highlighted problems concerning the quality management of genetic testing in general. DTC genetic testing has been discussed as an alarming phenomenon [21,24,25,27,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44] with strong questions raised regarding its marketing. Discussing the validity of DTC genetic tests for personal diets (‘nutrigenomic tests’), Goddard et al [38] argue that ‘The uncertain analytic validity, clinical validity and clinical utility of direct-to-consumer nutrigenomic tests may result in unnecessary interventions and cost’.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Problems in the Regulation of Genetic Tests in Japan: What Can We Learn from Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Tests

Watanabe

Ohata

Muto

et al. 2009

Public Health Genomics

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As one of the countries that have invested greatly in the field of bioscience, Japan is facing difficulties introducing human genetic research to the market. A key issue is how to regulate the quality of genetic testing. Since genetic testing is a part of clinical laboratory tests, the regulatory framework for these tests should cover the regulation of genetic testing. Nevertheless, the quality of clinical laboratory tests has been regulated largely by the authority of medical professionals. The fact that genetic testing can be provided without supervision of medical professionals reveals the necessity for the regulation of quality of genetic testing. While medical geneticists have publicly criticized direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing, a group of industries related to DTC genetic testing have established self-regulatory guidelines on the quality control of genetic analysis, based on the OECD guidelines. This article describes the regulatory framework for clinical laboratory tests including genetic tests, and the gaps in regulation, which are particularly highlighted by the appearance of DTC genetic testing. Furthermore the current initiatives taken by different organizations, especially the self-regulatory initiatives by related industries, will be discussed. To conclude the article, recommendations to improve the situation will be made.

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“…However, this advertising practice does not come without controversy, as the issue of genetics and health care has spurred continual debate. Proponents of PGTs DTC advertising 1 claim increased awareness of these tests can encourage consumers to consult with physicians or genetic counselors to make well informed decisions about their genetic health care needs (Liu & Pearson, 2008). Proponents also argue that learning about the tests can help consumers take steps to minimize their disease risks, thereby optimizing their health (Krasner, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Predictive Genetic Tests: A Health Belief Model Based Examination of Consumer Response

Rollins

Ramakrishnan²,

Perri

2014

Health Marketing Quarterly

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Direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising of predictive genetic tests (PGTs) has added a new dimension to health advertising. This study used an online survey based on the health belief model framework to examine and more fully understand consumers' responses and behavioral intentions in response to a PGT DTC advertisement. Overall, consumers reported moderate intentions to talk with their doctor and seek more information about PGTs after advertisement exposure, though consumers did not seem ready to take the advertised test or engage in active information search. Those who perceived greater threat from the disease, however, had significantly greater behavioral intentions and information search behavior.

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Direct-to-Consumer Marketing of Predictive Medical Genetic Tests: Assessment of Current Practices and Policy Recommendations

Cited by 33 publications

References 44 publications

Perception of Direct‐To‐Consumer Genetic Testing and Direct‐To‐Consumer Advertising of Genetic Tests among Members of a Large Managed Care Organization

Perception of Direct‐To‐Consumer Genetic Testing and Direct‐To‐Consumer Advertising of Genetic Tests among Members of a Large Managed Care Organization

Problems in the Regulation of Genetic Tests in Japan: What Can We Learn from Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Tests

Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Predictive Genetic Tests: A Health Belief Model Based Examination of Consumer Response

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