“…DFTC is well-known for its robust strategy, simple algorithm, and fast-flux/torque response, which requires no modulation techniques, current control, or coordinate transformation [44]. This method has been applied to several electric machines such as induction motor [45], a brushless DC electric motor [46], interior permanent magnet synchronous motor [47], five-phase induction motor [48], brushless doubly-fed machine [49,50], permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) [51], six-phase induction motor [52], and five-phase PMSM [53,54]. In [55], the DFTC control scheme reduced the electromagnetic torque, stator current, and rotor flux compared to the FOC method.…”