“…Conducting polymers have promising applications in electrochemical devices, photodiodes, antistatic and anticorrosion coatings, batteries, sensors, and solar cells [17,18]. Polyaniline (PANI), as an applicable conducting polymer, has been used as an ER material because of its low cost, good environmental and chemical stability, ease of synthesis, high sensitivity to an electric field, controlled conductivity by doping/dedoping process, and various other potential applications [19].…”