Direction finding in the presence of an intermittent interference

Besson, Olivier; Stoica, Petre; Kamiya, Yukihiro

doi:10.1109/tsp.2002.1011196

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…An attacker, which transmits a jamming signal from time to time for the sake of interfering with the legitimate communications, is referred to as an intermittent jammer [170]. The intermittent jammer transmits for a certain time and then sleeps for the remaining time.…”

Section: B Intermittent Jammermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Wireless Security: Technical Challenges, Recent Advances, and Future Trends

et al. 2016

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Due to the broadcast nature of radio propagation, the wireless air interface is open and accessible to both authorized and illegitimate users. This completely differs from a wired network, where communicating devices are physically connected through cables and a node without direct association is unable to access the network for illicit activities. The open communications environment makes wireless transmissions more vulnerable than wired communications to malicious attacks, including both the passive eavesdropping for data interception and the active jamming for disrupting legitimate transmissions. Therefore, this paper is motivated to examine the security vulnerabilities and threats imposed by the inherent open nature of wireless communications and to devise efficient defense mechanisms for improving the wireless network security. We first summarize the security requirements of wireless networks, including their authenticity, confidentiality, integrity, and availability issues. Next, a comprehensive overview of security attacks encountered in wireless networks is presented in view of the network protocol architecture, where the potential security threats are discussed at each protocol layer. We also provide a survey of the existing security protocols and algorithms that are adopted in the existing wireless network standards, such as the Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, WiMAX, and the long-term evolution (LTE) systems. Then, we discuss the state of the art in physical-layer security, which is an emerging technique of securing the open communications environment against eavesdropping attacks at the physical layer. Several physical-layer security techniques are reviewed and compared, including information-theoretic security, artificial-noise-aided security, security-oriented beamforming, diversity-assisted security, and physical-layer key generation approaches. Since a jammer emitting radio signals can readily interfere with the legitimate wireless users, we also introduce the family of various jamming attacks and their countermeasures, including the constant jammer, intermittent jammer, reactive jammer, adaptive jammer, and intelligent jammer. Additionally, we discuss the integration of physical-layer security into existing authentication and cryptography mechanisms for further securing wireless networks. Finally, some technical challenges which remain unresolved at the time of writing are summarized and the future trends in wireless security are discussed.

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Section: B Intermittent Jammermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Wireless Security: Technical Challenges, Recent Advances, and Future Trends

et al. 2016

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“…Here, the auxiliary signal is defined as independent from all the sources and noise. Thus, we define a new covariance matrix D on the basis of the array output covariance matrix R in (12):…”

Section: Joint Doa and Polarization Estimation Based On Ipns Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From (12), (14), and (15), the noise powers (variance) evidently determine the noise subspace eigenvalues. According to (19) and (20), the auxiliary signal just affects the th element in the diagonal of R only and has no extra effect on the others.…”

Section: Theoremmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, only the issue of the DOA estimation for unequal power sources has been discussed in the literature. In [12] two models were developed for intermittent interference, and the corresponding CRB was derived to provide insights into the influence of the jammer parameters. In [13], the MUSIC-like spatial spectrum was realized via eigen-beamforming normalization to estimate the DOAs of the weak and strong sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Joint DOA and Polarization Estimation for Unequal Power Sources

Fang

Han

Jin

et al. 2015

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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For most joint direction of arrival (DOA) and polarization estimation methods, the performances of proposed methods in dealing with unequal power sources are not discussed. However, sources with unequal powers apparently exist widely in actual applications. In this study, we propose a joint DOA and polarization estimation method for unequal power sources by utilizing the invariance property of noise subspace (IPNS) to the power of sources. This work extends the IPNS method to the dual polarized antenna array for joint DOA and polarization estimation. Moreover, we theoretically prove that the IPNS remains valid even when the sources are correlated. The computer simulations illustrate that the proposed method can effectively estimate the DOA and polarization parameters as the power difference between sources increases, as opposed to the polarimetric multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm, which suffers from degradation in resolution probability. In addition, the performances of the proposed method are provided, as well the Cramer Rao Bound (CRB), which show approximate performance as the polarimetric MUSIC algorithm.

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“…Such interference may appear either as an endogenous characteristic of the underlying communication system, as for example in frequency-hopped spread-spectrum systems [27], or as an exogenous factor (e.g., jamming). In cases of such snapshot corruption, L2-PC-based methods are well known to suffer from significant performance degradation [28][29][30]. The reason is that, as squared error-fitting minimizers, L2-PCs respond strongly to corrupted snapshots that appear in the processed data matrix as points that lie far from the nominal signal subspace [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Realified L1-PCA for direction-of-arrival estimation: theory and algorithms

Markopoulos

Tsagkarakis

Pados

et al. 2019

EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process.

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Subspace-based direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation commonly relies on the Principal-Component Analysis (PCA) of the sensor-array recorded snapshots. Therefore, it naturally inherits the sensitivity of PCA against outliers that may exist among the collected snapshots (e.g., due to unexpected directional jamming). In this work, we present DoA-estimation based on outlier-resistant L1-norm principal component analysis (L1-PCA) of the realified snapshots and a complete algorithmic/theoretical framework for L1-PCA of complex data through realification. Our numerical studies illustrate that the proposed DoA estimation method exhibits (i) similar performance to the conventional L2-PCA-based method, when the processed snapshots are nominal/clean, and (ii) significantly superior performance when the snapshots are faulty/corrupted.

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Direction finding in the presence of an intermittent interference

Cited by 25 publications

References 19 publications

A Survey on Wireless Security: Technical Challenges, Recent Advances, and Future Trends

A Survey on Wireless Security: Technical Challenges, Recent Advances, and Future Trends

Joint DOA and Polarization Estimation for Unequal Power Sources

Realified L1-PCA for direction-of-arrival estimation: theory and algorithms

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