Direction-selective retinal ganglion cells and control of optokinetic nystagmus in the rabbit

Oyster, Clyde W.; Takahashi, Ellen S.; Collewijn, H.

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(72)90110-1

Cited by 313 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Further pharmacological studies on the turtle AOS revealed that of the converging, direction-selective, inhibitory/excitatory inputs to the nBOR, the inhibitory inputs are blocked by bicuculline mediated by the retinal-pretectal connections acting upon GABA (A) receptors located on the nBOR neurons, whereas the excitatory input is from retinal glutaminergic retinal afferents, given that retinal excitation of the nBOR was blocked by an antagonist of the AMPA (alphaamino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid) glutamate receptor subtype (Kogo and Ariel, 2002). The likely source of direction-selectivity of NOT/DTN neurons remains their retinal input from excitatory, on-center, direction-selective retinal ganglion cells (Oyster et al, 1972;Hoffmann and Stone, 1985.…”

Section: Gaba (Fig 9)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The accessory optic system: basic organization with an update on connectivity, neurochemistry, and function

Giolli

Blanks

Lui

2006

Progress in Brain Research

143

123

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The accessory optic system (AOS) is formed by a series of terminal nuclei receiving direct visual information from the retina via one or more accessory optic tracts. In addition to the retinal input, derived from ganglion cells that characteristically have large receptive fields, are direction-selective, and have a preference for slow moving stimuli, there are now well-characterized afferent connections with a key pretectal nucleus (nucleus of the optic tract) and the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus. The efferent connections of the AOS are robust, targeting brainstem and other structures in support of visual-oculomotor events such as optokinetic nystagmus and visual-vestibular interaction. This chapter reviews the newer experimental findings while including older data concerning the structural and functional organization of the AOS. We then consider the ontogeny and phylogeny of the AOS and include a discussion of similarities and differences in the anatomical organization of the AOS in nonmammalian and mammalian species. This is followed by sections dealing with retinal and cerebral cortical afferents to the AOS nuclei, interneuronal connections of AOS neurons, and the efferents of the AOS nuclei. We conclude with a section on Functional Considerations dealing with the issues of the response properties of AOS neurons, lesion and metabolic studies, and the AOS and spatial cognition. The accessory optic system (AOS) is formed by a series of terminal nuclei receiving direct visual information from the retina via one or more accessory optic tracts. In addition to the retinal input, derived from ganglion cells that characteristically have large receptive fields, are direction-selective and have a preference for slow moving stimuli, there are now well characterized afferent connections with a key pretectal nucleus (nucleus of the optic tract) and the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus. The efferent connections of the AOS are robust, targeting brainstem and other structures in support of visual-oculomotor events such as optokinetic nystagmus and visual-vestibular interaction. The present chapter reviews the newer experimental findings while including older data concerning the structural and functional organization of the AOS. We then consider the ontogeny and phylogeny of the AOS and include a discussion of similarities and differences in the anatomical organization of the AOS in nonmammalian and mammalian species. This is followed by sections dealing with retinal and cerebral cortical afferents to the AOS nuclei, interneuronal connections of AOS neurons, and the efferents of the AOS nuclei. We conclude with a section on Functional Considerations dealing with the issues of the response properties of AOS neurons, lesion and metabolic studies, and the AOS and spatial cognition.

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Section: Gaba (Fig 9)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The accessory optic system: basic organization with an update on connectivity, neurochemistry, and function

Giolli

Blanks

Lui

2006

Progress in Brain Research

143

123

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Fig. 2), with their respective preferred direction corresponding to those of the three semicircular canals in the inner ear [65]. They are the main source of visual input for the control of eye movement and gaze stabilization (reviewed in [8], see also section "Outlook and open questions").…”

Section: Ds Retinal Ganglion Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A hallmark of retinal DS cells is their surprising robustness: They easily outperform their counterparts in the primary visual cortex (V1) in many respects: ON-OFF DS cells detect the direction of motion within their receptive field centre more reliably, largely independent of contrast [56] and velocity [37, 65,88] and even for small movements of a few micrometres [38]. Direction discrimination is roughly constant over a velocity range of more than two orders of magnitude (reviewed in [37]).…”

Section: Ds Retinal Ganglion Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computation of motion direction in the vertebrate retina

Euler

Hausselt

2012

E-Neuroforum

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How direction of image motion is detected as early as at the level of the vertebrate eye has been intensively studied in retina research. Although the first direction-selective (DS) retinal ganglion cells were already described in the 1960s and have since then been in the focus of many studies, scientists are still puzzled by the intricacy of the neuronal circuits and computational mechanisms underlying retinal direction selectivity. The fact that the retina can be easily isolated and studied in a Petri dish-by presenting light stimuli while recording from the various cell types in the retinal circuits-in combination with the extensive anatomical, molecular and physiological knowledge about this part of the brain presents a unique opportunity for studying this intriguing visual circuit in detail. This article provides a brief overview of the history of research on retinal direction selectivity, but then focuses on the past decade and the progress achieved, in particular driven by methodological advances in optical recording techniques, molecular genetics approaches and large-scale ultrastructural reconstructions. As it turns out, retinal direction selectivity is a complex, multi-tiered computation, involving dendrite-intrinsic mechanisms as well as several types of network interactions on the basis of highly selective, likely genetically predetermined synaptic connectivity. Moreover, DS ganglion cell types appear to be more diverse than previously thought, differing not only in their preferred direction and response polarity, but also in physiology, DS mechanism, dendritic morphology and, importantly, the target area of their projections in the brain.

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“…Since goldfish always move relative to the movements of their perceived surroundings, it is very appropriate to use the goldfish when observing the arousal of IMR. Motion detection in animals such as the goldfish is typically assessed with behavioral experiments such as the optomotor response (OMR) and optokinetic response (OKR), or with directional selectivity measurements (Barlow and Hill, 1963;Oyster et al, 1972;Schaerer and Neumeyer, 1996). There are reports that suggest that signals activating motion detection and directional selectivity are formed in the inner plexiform layer and amacrine cells, and have a central role in this process (Barlow and Levick, 1965;Werblin, 1969).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraocular Injection of Muscimol Induces Illusory Motion Reversal in Goldfish

Lee

Jung

2009

Korean J Physiol Pharmacol

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Induced activation of the gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptor in the retina of goldfish caused the fish to rotate in the opposite direction to that of the spinning pattern during an optomotor response (OMR) measurement. Muscimol, a GABAA receptor agonist, modified OMR in a concentrationdependent manner. The GABAB receptor agonist baclofen and GABAC receptor agonist CACA did not affect OMR. The observed modifications in OMR included decreased anterograde rotation (0.01∼0.03 μM), coexistence of retrograde rotation and decreased anterograde rotation (0.1∼ 30 μM) and only retrograde rotation (100 μM∼ 1 mM). In contrast, the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline blocked muscimolinduced retrograde rotation. Based on these results, we inferred that the coding inducing retrograde movement of the goldfish retina is essentially associated with the GABAA receptor-related visual pathway. Furthermore, from our novel approach using observations of goldfish behavior the induced discrete snapshot duration was approximately 573 ms when the fish were under the influence of muscimol.

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Direction-selective retinal ganglion cells and control of optokinetic nystagmus in the rabbit

Cited by 313 publications

References 9 publications

The accessory optic system: basic organization with an update on connectivity, neurochemistry, and function

The accessory optic system: basic organization with an update on connectivity, neurochemistry, and function

Computation of motion direction in the vertebrate retina

Intraocular Injection of Muscimol Induces Illusory Motion Reversal in Goldfish

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