Directions Of Breeding Of Grain Sorghum In The Lower Volga Region Of Russia

Abstract

Sorghum bicolor L. Moench is a versatile crop, corn which is used for forage and fodder (for feeding agricultural animals, birds, fishes), as well as a source of raw materials for the food processing industry. Especially important is the cultivation of sorghum in the lower Volga region of Russia, characterized by frequent soil and air droughts. In "Rossorgo" scouting for earliness, high yield, improved grain quality, resistance to diseases and pests. The test sorghum genotypes were conducted at the experimental field of center "Rossorgo" in 2014-2016. All records of productivity elements of productivity and biochemical evaluation of grains are made according to standard techniques. The results of long-term work were identified and approved for use in the lower Volga region 12 varieties and 2 hybrids of sorghum. Varieties Pischevoe 35, Pischevoe 614, Кremovoe, Fakel can be used in the food industry. Grits from grain of sorghum has a higher ratio of the cooking property in comparison with cereals from other cultures. The early-maturing varieties Perspektivny 1 and Start, intended for planting with different width of spacing -15, 45 and 70 cm were bred. Varieties of Granat, Volzhskoe 44, Avans and hybrids Irgiz, Volgar, combine high yields (5.31-10.8 t/ha) and 11.32-12.56% of crude protein in grain. Heterotic hybrids of Irgiz and Volgar are by tall (149.6 of 175.9 cm) and highest grain yield (8.02-10.8 t/ha). As raw material for starch varieties recommended Avans, Volzhskoe 44, Sarmat, Perspektivny 1, Geliofor, Volzhskoe 4, Topaz and hybrid Volgar with content in grain starch 72.31-75.60%. New varieties (Azart, Geliofor, Magistr, Bogdan, Bakalavr, Granat) characterized by a high content of starch (71.47-74.50%) and medium protein (the 11.04-12.59%), pass state testing. Thus, "Rossorgo" offers a farmer a range of cultivars and hybrids of grain sorghum, allowing the obtaining stable yields of grain and extending the use of culture in the region.

Influence of different types of sterile cytoplasms (A3, A4, 9E) on the combining ability of CMS lines of sorghum

“…As a pollen parents, early maturing varieties -Perspectivnoye 1, Mercury, Ogonek, Avans, Fakel, Azart, Garant, Topaz, Volzhskoye 615, and mid-early maturing varieties and lines -Start, L-KSI 28/13, Kamelik, Geleofor, Kremovoye, Pishchevoye 614, Sarmat, Vostorg, Pishchevoye 35 were used (18 in total). These pollen parents differed in manifestation of agronomically valuable traits and characterized by high adaptive ability to agro-climatic conditions of the region (Kibalnik et al, 2010(Kibalnik et al, , 2017. F 1 hybrids obtained using these pollinators were characterized by mid-early maturity (110-117 days to full maturity).…”

Prospects for the Use of CMS Lines With Different Sources of Sterility in the Selection of Sorghum

“…Научно-исследовательская и семеноводческая работа по сорговым культурам ведется 26 российскими научными учреждениями и селекционно-семеноводческими организациями, в том числе и ФГБНУ РосНИИСК «Россорго». Приоритетным направлением селекции в институте за последние 10-15 лет являлось создание высокопродуктивных сортов, характеризующихся скороспелостью, высоким качеством зерна и биомассы, устойчивостью к болезням и вредителям [1]. Выведение гибридов затруднялось отсутствием раннеспелых стерильных линий.…”

Creation and study of raw material for grain sorghum breeding

“…Sorghum is native to Africa. Sorghum has been grown in India and China for more than three millennia to this day [1][2][3].…”

“…Sorghum was brought to the Volga region from the North Caucasus. Scientists from well-known Russian breeding centers started studying this crop and creating new varieties [3].…”