“…Nevertheless voluntary participation is socially structured. In general, formal volunteering—“giving unpaid help through groups, clubs or organisations to benefit other people or the environment” (Rochester, Paine, & Howlett, 2010, p. 21, referring to the UK Citizenship Survey definition)—is more often undertaken by those with higher levels of education and those in more favorable socio‐economic circumstances; by the younger and older rather than mid‐aged; by women rather than by men; by host‐country nationals rather than immigrants or ethnic minorities; and by those not living with disabilities (e.g., Alesina & La Ferrara, 2000; Dean, 2016; Lindsey & Mohan, 2018; Musick & Wilson, 2008; Rochester et al, 2010, c4; Shandra, 2017; Valentova & Alieva, 2018; Voicu & Serban, 2012; Wilson, 2000; Wilson & Musick, 1997). Some authors have highlighted issues of social inclusion in voluntary participation and explored strategies to reduce social inequalities in engagement (e.g., Rochester et al, 2010, c14).…”