Disambiguating the similar: The dentate gyrus and pattern separation

Schmidt, Brandy; Marrone, Diano F.; Markus, Etan J.

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2011.08.039

Cited by 168 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…The reliance of conditioned fear on DG neurons shown by Liu et al (352), and then again by Ramirez et al (518), who actually were able to change their valence to an appetitive one, may certainly be taken to agree with, and support the findings that the hippocampal formation is a major site of cellular consolidation of fear behavior (265,272,273,359) as it is for most memories (272,401), and the articles pointing to a key role of the DG in disambiguation or delimitation of memories acquired in the hippocampus proper or elsewhere (585,633). The PL and IL vmPFC circuits of appetitive and fear-motivated cued and contextual conditioning and extinction are strictly superimposed in vmPFC (99).…”

Section: F Ltp In Hippocampus and Dentate Gyrus In Relation To Fear mentioning

confidence: 63%

“…In addition, the hitherto relatively obscure function of the DG has been illuminated first by the theoretical (9,474,633) and then by the experimental demonstration of its function in the delimitation of episodes through the disambiguation of current and older memories and/or of different recent memories (585).…”

Section: F Ltp In Hippocampus and Dentate Gyrus In Relation To Fear mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fear Memory

Izquierdo

Furini

Myskiw

2016

Physiological Reviews

380

259

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Fear memory is the best-studied form of memory. It was thoroughly investigated in the past 60 years mostly using two classical conditioning procedures (contextual fear conditioning and fear conditioning to a tone) and one instrumental procedure (one-trial inhibitory avoidance). Fear memory is formed in the hippocampus (contextual conditioning and inhibitory avoidance), in the basolateral amygdala (inhibitory avoidance), and in the lateral amygdala (conditioning to a tone). The circuitry involves, in addition, the pre-and infralimbic ventromedial prefrontal cortex, the central amygdala subnuclei, and the dentate gyrus. Fear learning models, notably inhibitory avoidance, have also been very useful for the analysis of the biochemical mechanisms of memory consolidation as a whole. These studies have capitalized on in vitro observations on long-term potentiation and other kinds of plasticity. The effect of a very large number of drugs on fear learning has been intensively studied, often as a prelude to the investigation of effects on anxiety. The extinction of fear learning involves to an extent a reversal of the flow of information in the mentioned structures and is used in the therapy of posttraumatic stress disorder and fear memories in general.

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Section: F Ltp In Hippocampus and Dentate Gyrus In Relation To Fear mentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: F Ltp In Hippocampus and Dentate Gyrus In Relation To Fear mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fear Memory

Izquierdo

Furini

Myskiw

2016

Physiological Reviews

380

259

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Much attention has focused on the DG's potential role as a pattern separator (O'Reilly and McClelland 1994;Kesner 2007;Schmidt et al 2012;Hunsaker and Kesner 2013). Current models of memory formation focus on sensory experiences being encoded into a pattern of synaptic weights among a cluster of interconnected CA3 pyramidal neurons, and, for memory recall, the ability of such a cell ensemble to be reactivated by input constituting only a part of the original experience, a process termed pattern completion (Marr 1971;O'Reilly and McClelland 1994;Rolls and Treves 1998).…”

Section: The Mammalian Dentate Gyrusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult neurogenesis in the mammalian hippocampus: Why the dentate gyrus?

2013

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In the adult mammalian brain, newly generated neurons are continuously incorporated into two networks: interneurons born in the subventricular zone migrate to the olfactory bulb, whereas the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus integrates locally born principal neurons. That the rest of the mammalian brain loses significant neurogenic capacity after the perinatal period suggests that unique aspects of the structure and function of DG and olfactory bulb circuits allow them to benefit from the adult generation of neurons. In this review, we consider the distinctive features of the DG that may account for it being able to profit from this singular form of neural plasticity. Approaches to the problem of neurogenesis are grouped as “bottom-up,” where the phenotype of adult-born granule cells is contrasted to that of mature developmentally born granule cells, and “top-down,” where the impact of altering the amount of neurogenesis on behavior is examined. We end by considering the primary implications of these two approaches and future directions.

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“…Role of DG in aligning internal spatial representation to external landmarks Several different hypotheses have been advanced regarding functional roles of the DG, such as pattern separation (for review, see Morris et al, 2012;Schmidt et al, 2012). According to a relatively recent hypothesis, the DG plays an important role in aligning internally generated spatial representation to external landmarks by binding together spatial and nonspatial information provided by the medial and lateral EC, respectively (Redish and Touretzky, 1997;Hafting et al, 2005;O'Keefe and Burgess, 2005;Knierim et al, 2006;Witter and Moser, 2006;Gorchetchnikov and Grossberg, 2007;Leutgeb and Leutgeb, 2007).…”

Section: Effect Of Visual Input On the Stability Of Spatial Firingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption of Dentate Gyrus Blocks Effect of Visual Input on Spatial Firing of CA1 Neurons

et al. 2012

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The role of dentate gyrus in hippocampal mnemonic processing is uncertain. One proposed role of dentate gyrus is binding internally generated spatial representation with sensory information on external landmarks. To test this hypothesis, we compared effects of visual input on spatial firing of CA1 neurons in Bax knock-out mice in which dentate gyrus neural circuitry is selectively disrupted. Whereas spatial selectivity of CA1 neuronal firing was significantly higher under normal illumination than complete darkness in wild-type mice, it was similarly low in both illumination conditions in Bax knock-out mice. Also, whereas the spatial location of neuronal firing was more stably maintained in the light than in the dark condition in wild-type mice, it was similarly unstable in both illumination conditions in Bax knock-out mice. These results show that visual input allows selective and stable spatial firing of CA1 neurons in normal animals, but this effect is lost if dentate gyrus neural circuitry is disrupted. Our results provide empirical support for the proposed role of dentate gyrus in aligning internally generated spatial representation to external landmarks in building a unified representation of external space.

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Disambiguating the similar: The dentate gyrus and pattern separation

Cited by 168 publications

References 111 publications

Fear Memory

Fear Memory

Adult neurogenesis in the mammalian hippocampus: Why the dentate gyrus?

Disruption of Dentate Gyrus Blocks Effect of Visual Input on Spatial Firing of CA1 Neurons

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