Disappearance of plastid and mitochondrial nucleoids during the formation of generative cells of higher plants revealed by fluorescence microscopy

Miyamura, Shinichi; Kuroiwa, Tsuneyoshi; Nagata, Toshiyuki

doi:10.1007/bf01637253

Cited by 40 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Among species showing biparental plastid inheritance, we have frequently observed plastids with detectable DAPI signals (corresponding to nucleoids) in generative or sperm plastids (Nagata et al, 1999). In contrast, such DAPI signals are not detected in maternal inheritance species (Miyamura et al, 1987). This disparity serves as a convenient method for assessing the 'potential' for biparental inheritance (Corriveau and Coleman, 1988;Zhang et al, 2003).…”

Section: Do Plastid Dnas Decrease During Pollen Development?mentioning

confidence: 97%

Chloroplast Biogenesis: Control of Plastid Development, Protein Import, Division and Inheritance

Sakamoto

Miyagishima

Jarvis

2008

The Arabidopsis Book

143

129

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The chloroplast is a multi-copy cellular organelle that not only performs photosynthesis but also synthesizes amino acids, lipids and phytohormones. The plastid also responds to environmental stimuli such as gravitropism. Biogenesis of chloroplasts is initiated from proplastids in shoot meristems, and involves a series of important events. In the last decade, considerable progress has been made towards understanding various aspects of chloroplast biogenesis at the molecular level, via studies in model systems such as Arabidopsis. This review focuses on two important aspects of chloroplast biogenesis, synthesis/assembly and division/transmission. Chloroplasts originated through endosymbiosis from an ancestor of extant cyanobacteria, and thus contain their own genomes. DNA in chloroplasts is organized into complexes with proteins, and these are called nucleoids. The synthesis of chloroplast proteins is regulated at various steps. However, a majority of proteins are synthesized in the cytosol, and their proper import into chloroplast compartments is a prerequisite for chloroplast development. Fundamental aspects of plastid gene expression/regulation and chloroplast protein transport are described, together with recent proteome analyses of the organelle. Chloroplasts are not de novo synthesized, but instead are propagated from pre-existing plastids. In addition, plastids are transmitted from generation to generation with a unique mode of inheritance. Our current knowledge on the division machinery and the inheritance of plastids is described.

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Section: Do Plastid Dnas Decrease During Pollen Development?mentioning

confidence: 97%

Chloroplast Biogenesis: Control of Plastid Development, Protein Import, Division and Inheritance

Sakamoto

Miyagishima

Jarvis

2008

The Arabidopsis Book

143

129

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“…A notable cellular event that facilitates this process, however, is the degradation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) within the male gametic cells. This degradation has been observed, using both fluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy, in angiosperms such as Triticum aestivum (Miyamura et al, 1987), Hordeum vulgare (Sodmergen et al, 2002), Wisteria sinensis and Robinia pseudoacacia (Hu et al, 2005), and Medicago truncatula (Matsushima et al, 2008). Interestingly, this degradation process is not observed in angiosperms showing paternal or biparental mitochondrial inheritance, in which the amount of mtDNA increases in the male gametic cells in contrast to the typical situation (Nagata et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Previous studies have suggested that pollen and male gametic mtDNA may be degraded in species that undergo maternal mitochondrial inheritance (Miyamura et al, 1987;Nagata et al 1999;Sodmergen et al, 2002;Hu et al, 2005). We performed quantitative analyses of this event.…”

Section: Regulation Of the Mtdna Levels In Male Gametic Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Levels of Male Gametic Mitochondrial DNA Are Highly Regulated in Angiosperms with Regard to Mitochondrial Inheritance

et al. 2010

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The mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial inheritance are not yet clear, even though it is 100 years since the first description of non-Mendelian genetics. Here, we quantified the copy numbers of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the gametic cells of angiosperm species. We demonstrate that each egg cell from Arabidopsis thaliana, Antirrhinum majus, and Nicotiana tabacum possesses 59.0, 42.7, and 73.0 copies of mtDNA on average, respectively. These values are equivalent to those in Arabidopsis mesophyll cells, at 61.7 copies per cell. On the other hand, sperm or generative cells from Arabidopsis, A. majus, and N. tabacum possess minor amounts of mtDNA, at 0.083, 0.47, and 1 copy on average, respectively. We further reveal a 50-fold degradation of mtDNA during pollen development in A. majus. In contrast, markedly high levels of mtDNA are found in the male gametic cells of Cucumis melo and Pelargonium zonale (1296.3 and 256.7 copies, respectively). Our results provide direct evidence for mitochondrial genomic insufficiency in the eggs and somatic cells and indicate that a male gamete of an angiosperm may possess mtDNA at concentrations as high as 21-fold (C. melo) or as low as 0.1% (Arabidopsis) of the levels in somatic cells. These observations reveal the existence of a strong regulatory system for the male gametic mtDNA levels in angiosperms with regard to mitochondrial inheritance.

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“…Hereafter, in the case of leaves, the ring-shaped pt-nucleus seems to segment actively into numbers of segments. Each segment, then accompanying the maturation of the chloroplast, scatters into smaller cp-nuclei and, migrate to the entire regions of the chloroplast (Miyamura et al 1986, Sodmergen et al 1991. While in the case of the coleoptiles, the ring-shaped pt-nucleus do not appear initiative segmentation but seems to be just carved up into 1-3 parts by the starch grains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During maturation of the chloroplast (MCP), each part of the pt-nucleus reunite closely, forming a gaint cp-nucleus in stead of scattering. Refer to Miyamura et al, 1986;Sodmergen et al, 1989Sodmergen et al, , 1991 for the description on formation of ring-shaped pt-nucleus and segmentation and scattering of pt-nuclei during plastid differentiation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Unique Organization Pattern of Chloroplast Nuclei (Nucleoids) in the Coleoptiles of Oryza sativa.

1994

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Disappearance of plastid and mitochondrial nucleoids during the formation of generative cells of higher plants revealed by fluorescence microscopy

Cited by 40 publications

References 10 publications

Chloroplast Biogenesis: Control of Plastid Development, Protein Import, Division and Inheritance

Chloroplast Biogenesis: Control of Plastid Development, Protein Import, Division and Inheritance

The Levels of Male Gametic Mitochondrial DNA Are Highly Regulated in Angiosperms with Regard to Mitochondrial Inheritance

An Unique Organization Pattern of Chloroplast Nuclei (Nucleoids) in the Coleoptiles of Oryza sativa.

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