Disaster medicine: Genealogy of a concept

Stehrenberger, Cécile Stephanie; Goltermann, Svenja

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.05.017

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Today, disaster medicine has developed as an essential part of human medicine. In the 20 th century, different investigations were conducted to respond to big explosions in mines, railway tunnels, and factories 12 . Necessary scientific standard application in the field of disaster medicine was defined by the forerunners of the field nearly 50 years ago; however, the science of disaster health and medicine continues to slowly develop today 1 .…”

Section: History Of Disaster Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the most significant reasons for this situation are the inability to control the variable quantities in the field due to the nature of disasters, high-risk studies, and specialized staff shortage in the field of disaster medicine. It was established as a discipline in the early 1980s 12 . To historically analyze disaster research, critical examination of the length of disaster perception.…”

Section: History Of Disaster Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Science of Disaster Medicine: From Response to Risk Reduction

Koçak¹,

Kınık²,

Çalışkan³

et al. 2021

MMJ

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The scientific advancement of the disaster medicine concept started approximately five decades ago. Different disciplines, such as public health, emergency health services, emergency medicine, and military medicine, work within the disaster medicine framework. Disaster medicine aimed to ensure that health services and facilities are operational both in the pre- and post-disaster periods to prevent and reduce the negative health circumstances of the society facing disaster risks. It is a discipline with slow scientific progress due to unclearly systematized multidisciplinary structure and sub-study areas. However, important targets regarding the field of disaster medicine were indicated in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 published by the United Nations. Among the global goals of disaster medicine, are to reduce the number of deaths and injuries, reduce the number of affected people, strengthen critical facility infrastructure, and ensure functional sustainably of these facilities during disasters. To achieve these goals, disaster medicine is expected to rapidly develop both institutionally and academically. Disaster medicine is a global, mass, administrative, and doctrinal discipline that means beyond clinical studies. Particularly, the development and dissemination of disaster medicine education were emphasized for the first time with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, which was determined globally in 2015. The disaster medicine discipline is seen to reach a very strong point by 2030.

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Section: History Of Disaster Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: History Of Disaster Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

The Science of Disaster Medicine: From Response to Risk Reduction

Koçak¹,

Kınık²,

Çalışkan³

et al. 2021

MMJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Lyon defines this phenomenon saying “altruistic interventions are often blurred with self-interested power pursuits” [49]. Likewise, Stehrenberger and Goltermann emphasize that disaster medicine “shifted to foreign operations often in the global south conducted by Western agencies during disasters after 1945 and increasingly after the end of the Cold War.” [50]. They state that it is very important to understand “the historicity of disaster medicine as a political phenomenon and of the discourses denying its political nature”.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethical problems in an era where disasters have become a part of daily life: A qualitative study of healthcare workers in Turkey

2017

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BackgroundNatural disasters, armed conflict, migration, and epidemics today occur more frequently, causing more death, displacement of people and economic loss. Their burden on health systems and healthcare workers (HCWs) is getting heavier accordingly. The ethical problems that arise in disaster settings may be different than the ones in daily practice, and can cause preventable harm or the violation of basic human rights. Understanding the types and the determinants of ethical challenges is crucial in order to find the most benevolent action while respecting the dignity of those affected people. Considering the limited scope of studies on ethical challenges within disaster settings, we set upon conducting a qualitative study among local HCWs.MethodsOur study was conducted in six cities of Turkey, a country where disasters are frequent, including armed conflict, terrorist attacks and a massive influx of refugees. In-depth interviews were carried out with a total of 31 HCWs working with various backgrounds and experience. Data analysis was done concurrently with ongoing interviews.ResultsSeveral fundamental elements currently hinder ethics in relief work. Attitudes of public authorities, politicians and relief organizations, the mismanagement of impromptu humanitarian action and relief and the media's mindset create ethical problems on the macro-level such as discrimination, unjust resource allocation and violation of personal rights, and can also directly cause or facilitate the emergence of problems on the micro-level. An important component which prevents humanitarian action towards victims is insufficient competence. The duty to care during epidemics and armed conflicts becomes controversial. Many participants defend a paternalistic approach related to autonomy. Confidentiality and privacy are either neglected or cannot be secured.ConclusionIntervention in factors on the macro-level could have a significant effect in problem prevention. Improving guidelines and professional codes as well as educating HCWs are also areas for improvement. Also, ethical questions exposed within this study should be deliberated and actualized with universal consensus in order to guide HCWs and increase humane attitudes.

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“…While also contributing to the ideas literature, this article builds on Foucault’s genealogical approach (Boland, 2014; Foucault, 2000; Saar, 2002) rather than the institutionalist approaches more commonly used. There is not a large genealogical literature on health policy, but there is some work on international relations (Bartelson, 1995; Walters, 2012) and some genealogies more specifically related to the history of health knowledge and global health (Abi-Rached and Rose, 2010; Béhague and Lézé, 2015; Brenninkmeijer, 2015; Brown and Bell, 2008; Dokumaci, 2019; Koffman, 2015; Stehrenberger and Goltermann, 2014; Wahlberg, 2008).…”

Section: A Genealogy Of Health Policy Ideasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not merely the absence of disease: A genealogy of the WHO’s positive health definition

Larsen

2021

History of the Human Sciences

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The 1948 constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as ‘a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’. It was a bold and revolutionary health idea to gain international consensus in a period characterized by fervent anti-communism. This article explores the genealogy of the health definition and demonstrates how it was possible to expand the scope of health, redefine it as ‘well-being’, and overcome ideological resistance to progressive and international health approaches. The first part of the article demonstrates how the health definition was composed through a trajectory of draft ideas from scholars in the history of medicine, as well as political actors working to promote national health insurance. The definition was authored by League of Nations veteran Raymond Gautier, but secretly drew heavily on medical historian Henry E. Sigerist’s controversial book Socialized Medicine in the Soviet Union (1937). The second part analyses how it was possible to resist the ideological pushback against the WHO and secure US ratification. The WHO’s progressive constitution was not simply a deviation from dominant health ideas, but a direct outcome of the entrenched health conflict. The genealogy is based on original archival material from international organizations and US government archives. The article contributes to understandings of the political controversies surrounding the WHO and to scholarship on understandings of health. It also illustrates how influential health ideas cross the boundaries between politics and health sciences, as well as the boundaries between domestic health policy and global health.

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Disaster medicine: Genealogy of a concept

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

The Science of Disaster Medicine: From Response to Risk Reduction

The Science of Disaster Medicine: From Response to Risk Reduction

Ethical problems in an era where disasters have become a part of daily life: A qualitative study of healthcare workers in Turkey

Not merely the absence of disease: A genealogy of the WHO’s positive health definition

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