Discharge Coefficients of Small-Diameter Orifices and Flow Nozzles

Grace, H. P.; Lapple, C. E.

doi:10.1115/1.4016363

Cited by 12 publications

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“…The correlation is represented in eq. (7)(8) with correlation coefficient to be predicted. GARCH is a statistical tool used for the prediction financial outcome for a particular period from the present tendency which fits for the present numerical studies for developing the correlation.…”

Section: Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A comparison study for various profiles such as sloping-approach orifices, sharp-edged and streamlined orifices evaluated Δp and energy loss in a flood conduit to minimize the cavitations effect, [6]. Discharge coefficient for orifices and nozzles are evaluated with equations to an orifice pipe flow, [7]. A series of correlations expanded for Δp for a circular orifice on the variation of non-dimensional orifice number, thickness, and area ratio, [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Orifice Flow Analysis on the Basis of Density and Viscosity Effects of Fluids

Panda

2023

1790-5044

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The orifice flow measurement produces errors due to highly turbulent and backflow in downstream which have to be overcome. Determine the Δp, and coefficient of discharge (Cd) for flow through the orifice CFD analysis. The input parameters vary with the variance of Reynolds number (Re), fluids with the deviation of density and viscosity, area ratio (σ). The range of Re (20000- 100000), σ (0.2- 0.6), density (ρr), and viscosity (µr) ratio vary as per the fluids considered. The various incompressible and compressible fluids are considered for the study of flow through the orifice based on the difference in density and viscosity properties. The fluids considered for studies are Air, Ammonia (NH3), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Hydrogen (H2), and Sulphur dioxide (SO2) as compressible fluid category, and water (H2O), liquid ammonia (LNH3), liquid hydrogen (LH2), liquid oxygen (LO2), liquid R12 (Dichlorodifluoromethane) as incompressible fluid category. Correlations are also proposed from the above numerical database to determine Cd as a function of Re, σ, ρr, and µr for the orifice. The correlation provides a significant contribution to the viscous fluid flow measurement with the flow through the orifice.

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Section: Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Orifice Flow Analysis on the Basis of Density and Viscosity Effects of Fluids

Panda

2023

1790-5044

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Rate of flow and mechanics of bubble formation from single submerged orifices. I. Rate of flow studies

Leibson¹,

Holcomb²,

Cacoso³

et al. 1956

AIChE Journal

154

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A study has been made of the rate of flow and mechanics of bubble formation from single submerged orifices 1/64, 1/32, 1/16, and 1/8 in. in diameter installed in an 8‐in. I.D. column operating in the air‐water system. The coefficients of discharge obtained for sharpedged orifices operating with this system indicate that the effective orifice discharge area for this type of operation is greater than that for an orifice of the same size and type operating at the same pressure ratio in the air‐air system. The effective orifice discharge areas for a round‐edged orifice operating in either the air‐water or air‐air systems appear to be identical at the same pressure ratio. The thick‐plate orifice operating in the air‐water system exhibits a constancy of discharge coefficient at ratios of the downstream to upstream pressures less than 0.33. Inasmuch as bubble formation occurring close to the downstream face of a sharp‐edged orifice operating in the air‐water system influences the effective orifice discharge area, liquid physical properties may be expected to be important in determining the rate of flow from this type of orifice for other gas‐liquid systems.In Part II photographic studies of bubble formation reveal that nonuniformity of bubble size is initiated by the onset of turbulence in the air stream flowing through the orifice. In the section of the laminar‐flow range studied in this investigation (200 < NRe < 2,100) the frequency of bubble formation is nearly constant with respect to Reynolds number. The bubble size is relatively uniform at a given Reynolds number and depends markedly upon orifice diameter. Stroboscopic examination reveals that as turbulence is fully developed for the air flow through the orifice, a counterclockwise spiraling, swirling motion of the air jet is initiated. In the turbulent‐flow range the bubblesize–distribution data are fitted reasonably well by a logarithmic‐normal‐probability distribution. More data for bubble formation in other liquids (particularly liquids of low surface tension) are necessary before a general correlation for bubble size in gasliquid systems can be developed.

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The compressible discharge of air through small thick plate orifices

Jackson

1964

Appl. sci. Res.

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Discharge Coefficients of Small-Diameter Orifices and Flow Nozzles

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

An Orifice Flow Analysis on the Basis of Density and Viscosity Effects of Fluids

An Orifice Flow Analysis on the Basis of Density and Viscosity Effects of Fluids

Rate of flow and mechanics of bubble formation from single submerged orifices. I. Rate of flow studies

The compressible discharge of air through small thick plate orifices

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