Discharge measurements at gaging stations

Turnipseed, D. Phil; Sauer, Vernon B.

doi:10.3133/tm3a8

Cited by 344 publications

(251 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…However, contrary to the floods in continental large-scale rivers, which last several days or weeks, typical floods in Japan have a duration of several hours; therefore, it becomes difficult to correctly measure the flow at the right timing especially when the peak flow occurs during the night time. In the past, discharge measurements in Japan have been conducted mainly by using a float [5] with its length dependent on the water depth. In Japan, float is made of cardboard pipe in which a certain amount of sand is contained to control its specific gravity close to unity when it floats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discharge Measurements of Snowmelt Flood by Space-Time Image Velocimetry during the Night Using Far-Infrared Camera

Fujita

2017

Water

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Abstract:The space time image velocimetry (STIV) technique is presented and shown to be a useful tool for extracting river flow information non-intrusively simply by taking surface video images. This technique is applied to measure surface velocity distributions on the Uono River on Honshu Island, Japan. At the site, various measurement methods such as a radio-wave velocity meter, an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) or imaging techniques were implemented. The performance of STIV was examined in various aspects such as a night measurement using a far-infrared-ray (FIR) camera and a comparison to ADCP data for checking measurement accuracy. All the results showed that STIV is capable of providing reliable data for surface velocity and water discharge that agree fairly well with ADCP data. In particular, it was demonstrated that measurements during the night can be conducted without any difficulty using an FIR camera and the STIV technique. In particular, using the FIR camera, the STIV technique can capture water surface features better than conventional cameras even at low resolution. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that measurements during the night can be conducted without any difficulty.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discharge Measurements of Snowmelt Flood by Space-Time Image Velocimetry during the Night Using Far-Infrared Camera

Fujita

2017

Water

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“…Stage was sensed using Sutron Accubar ® constant flow bubblers with accuracy of 0.02% at 0-7.6 m to 0.05% at 7.6-15.4 m. Precipitation and stage data were stored on Campbell Scientific CR-1000 data loggers. Methods that were used to estimate discharge included standards that were published by Turnipseed and Saur (2010) [42]. Stream velocity was measured using FLO-MATE™ Marsh McBirney flow meters and wading rods when stage was less than 1-m deep.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Difference between Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) Simulated Pre-Development and Observed Developed Loading Regimes

Zeiger

Hubbart

2018

Hydrology

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Abstract:The purpose of this research was to assess the difference between Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) simulated pre-development and contemporary developed loading regimes in a mixed-land-use watershed of the central United States (US). Native land cover based on soil characteristics was used to simulate pre-development loading regimes using The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Loading targets were calculated for each major element of a pre-development loading regime. Simulated pre-development conditions were associated with increased retention and decreased export of sediment and nutrients when compared to observed developed conditions. Differences between simulated pre-development and observed developed maximum daily yields (loads per unit area) of suspended sediment (SS), total phosphorus (TP), and total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) ranged from 35.7 to 59.6 Mg km −2 (SS); 23.3 to 52.5 kg km −2 (TP); and, 113.2 to 200.8 kg km −2 (TIN), respectively. Average annual maximum daily load was less during simulated pre-development conditions when compared to observed developed conditions by ranges of 1307 to 6452 Mg day −1 (SS), 0.8 to 5.4 kg day −1 (TP), and 4.9 to 26.9 kg day −1 (TIN), respectively. Hydrologic modeling results indicated that the differences in annual maximum daily load were causally linked to land use and land cover influence on sediment and nutrient loading. The differences between SWAT simulated pre-development and observed contemporary loading regimes from this study point to a need for practical loading targets that support contemporary management and integrated flow and pollutant loading regimes.

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“…The discharge measured by this equipment was obtained by dividing the number of clicks by the duration in which the number of clicks was counted. To bring about high precision in measurement, the duration in which the number of clicks counted was made to be greater than forty seconds, which is in accordance with [11]. The points of measurement taken were at straight reaches of the canal.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Effect of Reference Conveyance Parameter Usage on Real Time Canal Performance: The Case of Fentale Irrigation Scheme in Ethiopia

Mohammed¹,

Tefera²

2017

CWEEE

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In designing a canal system, a major problem is to decide what conveyance parameter to apply in the calculations. Since basic knowledge on this subject is lacking, it is usually taken from literatures. Most of the irrigation projects in Ethiopia are found to work below their expectation. One of the main reasons is the conveyance parameters variation from the expected (design) value which ultimately affects the envisioned conveyance efficiency. To evaluate this variation, Fentale irrigation scheme was used as case study. The conveyance efficiency used at the design stage was 80%, which was within Food and Agricultural Organization of the united nations recommendations; while the field survey value was 17%. Such huge variation was due to the fact that the assigned conveyance parameter values (roughness coefficient, hydraulic radius and bed slope) no longer represent the current situation of the scheme. Such variation has resulted in increase in the depth and top width of the water surface which further resulted in 13% and 3% increase in wetted perimeter and top width of the canal, respectively. Thus this study suggests that conveyance parameters shall be derived from history of existing irrigation schemes in a country, rather than adopting it from standard literatures. As such construction quality, maintenance activities and technological transfer activities in a country shall be seen in deciding the conveyance parameters. The study also suggests that the ever increasing water shortage in an irrigation project could be managed by proper maintenance of the entire irrigation system.

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Discharge measurements at gaging stations

Cited by 344 publications

References 6 publications

Discharge Measurements of Snowmelt Flood by Space-Time Image Velocimetry during the Night Using Far-Infrared Camera

Discharge Measurements of Snowmelt Flood by Space-Time Image Velocimetry during the Night Using Far-Infrared Camera

Assessing the Difference between Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) Simulated Pre-Development and Observed Developed Loading Regimes

Effect of Reference Conveyance Parameter Usage on Real Time Canal Performance: The Case of Fentale Irrigation Scheme in Ethiopia

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