Discontinuities in the mixed-crystal series of isostructural carnallite-type double salts

Thermodynamic study of the Na-Cu-Cl-SO - H O system at the temperature 298.15 K

“…(13,14) Equilibrium was attained by continuous stirring for a period of 24 h. The reagents used (CuCl 2 .2H 2 O and CuSO 4 .5H 2 O) were of analytical grade (mass fraction > 0.99). The compositions of the saturated solutions and the corresponding wet solid phases were determined by titrimetric methods.…”

“…(13) The concentration of Cl − was determined argentometrically by the Mohr method. (14,15) The compositions of the thoroughly suction-dried solid phases were established using Schreinemakers's graphic method. (14,15) The results obtained are presented in …”

Thermodynamics of formation of double salts and mixed crystals from aqueous solutions

“…In studies on carnallite type solutions (m 1 MX + m 2 MgX 2 )(aq) (M = Li, K, NH 4 , Rb, Cs; X = Cl, Br) [27,28,31,153,154], and those of the type (m 1 MX + m 2 M 0 X 2 )(aq), where X denotes Cl or Br, M stand for Rb or Cs, and M 0 for Mn, Co, Ni, or Cu [29,32,34,44] we have demonstrated some correlations between thermodynamic characteristics of the double salts crystallizing from the saturated ternary solutions and the type of the solubility isotherms. Generally speaking, low D r G m and D f G m values for a given double salt correspond to a low solubility and a broad crystallization field, and vice versa.…”

Thermodynamic study of (b1LiBr +b2MgBr2)(aq), wherebdenotes molality, at the temperature 348.15K

“…That is why these solutions and the chlorocarnallites, bromocarnallites, and iodocarnallites themselves have been the subject of many studies. (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15) It has been established that only carnallite-type double salts MX·MgX 2 ·6H 2 O (1−1−6) crystallize in a broad temperature range from the (b 1 MX+b 2 MgX 2 )(aq) solutions where M denotes NH 4 , K, Rb, or Cs, X denotes Cl or Br, and b denotes molality. (7)(8)(9) The only exception are the solutions with the participation of LiX.…”