Discovered Solar Positronium

Abstract

I describe a method for the observation of Positronium (Ps) involvement in the solar radiation spectrum. In this method, Rydberg-Ritz's principle and Planck's radiation formula are used to acquire information of the atomic transitions of Ps alike Hydrogen and Helium. In order to perform this experiment, an advanced solar spectrum monitor is constructed by utilizing light emitting diodes (LED) of various colors. A detailed study on this method provides qualitative agreement with experimental data, giving insight to the physical process involved in the solar radiation spectrum and confirming the existence of solar Ps.

Excited-state positronium formation in positron–hydrogen collisions under weakly coupled plasmas

“…The interest is, to some extent, due to the conclusive proof of the existence of positrons in the interstellar medium in which plenty of hydrogen atoms are present [15,16]. Moreover, knowledge of such a scattering process provides fruitful information in diverse fields of astrophysics [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] and plasma physics [25][26][27]. Of particular interest in positron-hydrogen collisions is the problem of electron capture by positrons to form an electron-positron quasi-stable system, called positronium (Ps), which lasts for a measurable period of time before producing annihilation radiation.…”

“…Such a study is of particular importance in the sense that collision cross section data for various excited states are frequently required for plasma diagnostics and studies in astrophysics. The existence of Rydberg atoms (atoms/ions consisting of a single excited electron far removed from the ionic core) has been known for quite a long time, and has also been observed in stellar atmospheres and interstellar space [23,24]. Rydberg states of Ps are used to produce antihydrogen in antimatter experiments [29,30].…”

Discovery of Light-Light Scattering (A Test of the Primordial Universe)

“…Inner surface of the pipe is covered with black paper for the reduction of light-scattering effect. Different colored light emitting diodes (LEDs, detail of it can be found elsewhere[14]) are used for the source of incident lights and fixed them face to face by using wooden corks at each end of the pipe. The area of a semi-spherical surface of a LED is about 8π mm 2 .Similarly two photodiodes (PDs, model: BPW 34) sensors are used face to face in order to measure the intensity of the scattered light in terms of voltage by connecting with a digital multimeter.…”