“…1) Analyzing the timing and frequency of theme music appearing in film using timelines, representing sound and storyboard using graphic pictures and discussing the role of music within the film, 2) composing main theme or manipulating the tempo, mode, and decorations according to the narrative as a reitmotiv, and 3) composing film music for groups using programs or apps (Keown, 2015). Also applying teaching methods such as Action Learning, Flipped Learning, Problem-Based Learning, Project-Based Learning, and Collaborative Learning can shift the focus towards students actively expressing, reflecting, and researching ideas autonomously .…”