Discovery and frequency measurement of short-wavelength far-infrared laser emissions from optically pumped 13CD3OH and CHD2OH

Uranga, C.; Connell, Charles R.; Borstad, G.M.; Zink, L. R.; Jackson, Michael

doi:10.1007/s00340-007-2764-x

Cited by 12 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 25 publications

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“…Higher frequency laser emissions can also be measured using the second harmonic, such as the 9 THz laser emissions from the methanol isotopologues CHD 2 OH and CH 3 18 OH. 5,6 Over the years, the accurate measurement of laser frequencies has impacted a number of scientific experiments 7,8 and permitted the adoption of a new definition of the meter by the General Conference of Weights and Measures in Paris in 1983. [9][10][11] Heterodyne techniques, such as those described, have been immensely beneficial in the measurement of far-infrared laser frequencies generated by optically pumped molecular lasers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies

Jackson

Zink

2015

JoVE

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The generation and subsequent measurement of far-infrared radiation has found numerous applications in high-resolution spectroscopy, radio astronomy, and Terahertz imaging. For about 45 years, the generation of coherent, far-infrared radiation has been accomplished using the optically pumped molecular laser. Once far-infrared laser radiation is detected, the frequencies of these laser emissions are measured using a three-laser heterodyne technique. With this technique, the unknown frequency from the optically pumped molecular laser is mixed with the difference frequency between two stabilized, infrared reference frequencies. These reference frequencies are generated by independent carbon dioxide lasers, each stabilized using the fluorescence signal from an external, low pressure reference cell. The resulting beat between the known and unknown laser frequencies is monitored by a metal-insulator-metal point contact diode detector whose output is observed on a spectrum analyzer. The beat frequency between these laser emissions is subsequently measured and combined with the known reference frequencies to extrapolate the unknown far-infrared laser frequency. The resulting one-sigma fractional uncertainty for laser frequencies measured with this technique is ± 5 parts in 10 7. Accurately determining the frequency of far-infrared laser emissions is critical as they are often used as a reference for other measurements, as in the high-resolution spectroscopic investigations of free radicals using laser magnetic resonance. As part of this investigation, difluoromethane, CH 2 F 2 , was used as the far-infrared laser medium. In all, eight far-infrared laser frequencies were measured for the first time with frequencies ranging from 0.359 to 1.273 THz. Three of these laser emissions were discovered during this investigation and are reported with their optimal operating pressure, polarization with respect to the CO 2 pump laser, and strength. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies

Jackson

Zink

2015

JoVE

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Sub-millimeter wave spectroscopy of CHD 2 OH: a -type and asymmetry induced c -type transitions in the lowest three torsional sub-levels

Mukhopadhyay

2016

Infrared Physics & Technology

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Trans- to gauche-transitions in the far infrared spectrum of methanol-D 2 (CHD 2 OH) in the torsional ground state

Mukhopadhyay

2016

Infrared Physics & Technology

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Discovery and frequency measurement of short-wavelength far-infrared laser emissions from optically pumped 13CD3OH and CHD2OH

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies

Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies

Sub-millimeter wave spectroscopy of CHD 2 OH: a -type and asymmetry induced c -type transitions in the lowest three torsional sub-levels

Trans- to gauche-transitions in the far infrared spectrum of methanol-D 2 (CHD 2 OH) in the torsional ground state

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