The application of enzymesf or biomimetic material growth is ap otential path to breakthroughs in catalytic inorganic nanocrystal synthesis because the biocatalytic functions of proteins can lead to highly efficient growth of materials with accurate structures at low temperature. However,m any metal nanocrystals are grown in organic solvents, which is not an ideal environment for biomineralization with enzymes due to denaturing of catalytic pocket structures. Here, we applied ac atalytic CP4 peptide, optimized for protease reactions such as amide and ester hydrolysis, to test the catalytic ZnO nanocrystal growth in non-aqueous environments and the performance was compared with the enzyme subtilisin. We demonstrated that the CP4 catalytic peptide, evolved by the hydrogel-based combinatory phage display library, could grow ZnO nanoparticles from zinc acetate precursors in higher crystallinitya nd yield, as compared to the protease enzyme, in an organics olvent by catalyzing ester-elimination of precursors at room temperature.T his result indicates that catalytic oligopeptides, which possess no rigid 3D structures but are rather flexible, could fold into the catalytically active conformation more frequently in harsh environments such as organic solvents.Complex biomolecular systemss uch as enzymes, viruses, and bacteria have been applied for inorganic nanocrystal synthesis. [1] While these systems could catalyze nanocrystal growth under ambient conditions in aqueous environments, for further diversecatalytic applications it is desirable to optimizetheir activities for tolerating harsh organic environments. Recently, peptides, short building blocks of proteins,h ave shown potential to possesst he catalytic activity for enzymatic reactions in materialg rowth. [2] While some peptides have been shown to exhibit high catalytic activity in chemical reactions and material growth in ambient conditions, [2g] these peptides are not directly discovered to catalyze the target material growth, but they are rather selected on the basis of binding affinity to intermediates and products.F or such direct screening of the binding event the phage displayl ibrary has been used extensively; however the direct discovery of catalytic peptides from ac ombinatory phage display library meets difficultyi nt he panning process;e ven though certain peptides from random sequences on phage viruses catalyze target reactions, the isolation of these catalytic peptides for the identification of sequences through gene analysisi sv ery difficult. Previously,p eptidec atalysts for the room temperature growth of inorganic materials were screened with ac ombinatory phage display library by directly mixingthe library system in precursor solutions, however it is necessary to choose precursors that do not grow anyb yproducts except target materials, and such as pecial condition is not generally applicable to screen peptides for av arietyo f chemicalr eactions. [3] Recently,anew strategy to discover peptide catalysts for various material syntheses was demo...