Discovery of fifteen new geroprotective plant extracts and identification of cellular processes they affect to prolong the chronological lifespan of budding yeast

Abstract

In a quest for previously unknown geroprotective natural chemicals, we used a robust cell viability assay to search for commercially available plant extracts that can substantially prolong the chronological lifespan of budding yeast. Many of these plant extracts have been used in traditional Chinese and other herbal medicines or the Mediterranean and other customary diets. Our search led to a discovery of fifteen plant extracts that significantly extend the longevity of chronologically aging yeast not limited in calorie supply. We show that each of these longevity-extending plant extracts is a geroprotector that decreases the rate of yeast chronological aging and promotes a hormetic stress response. We also show that each of the fifteen geroprotective plant extracts mimics the longevity-extending, stress-protecting, metabolic and physiological effects of a caloric restriction diet but if added to yeast cultured under non-caloric restriction conditions. We provide evidence that the fifteen geroprotective plant extracts exhibit partially overlapping effects on a distinct set of longevity-defining cellular processes. These effects include a rise in coupled mitochondrial respiration, an altered age-related chronology of changes in reactive oxygen species abundance, protection of cellular macromolecules from oxidative damage, and an age-related increase in the resistance to long-term oxidative and thermal stresses.

Isoquercitrin from Apocynum venetum L. Exerts Antiaging Effects on Yeasts via Stress Resistance Improvement and Mitophagy Induction through the Sch9/Rim15/Msn Signaling Pathway

“…The anti-thermal-stress assay was conducted according to another report [28]. First, we conducted an initial experiment.…”

“…Natural products that increase the cell resistance to thermal stresses have bee shown to decelerate the aging process and extend longevity in yeast [28]. Therefore, w investigated the effect of IQ on the susceptibility of YOM36 yeasts to thermal stres Compared with the yeasts that were not heated, the survival ability of the yeasts that ex perienced thermal stress at 60 °C for 30 min was obviously declined (Figure 4a).…”

“…Natural products that increase the cell resistance to thermal stresses have been shown to decelerate the aging process and extend longevity in yeast [28]. Therefore, we investigated the effect of IQ on the susceptibility of YOM36 yeasts to thermal stress.…”

The role of NAD and NAD precursors on longevity and lifespan modulation in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae

“…It gets its name from the fact that it undergoes budding as the mechanism of cell division (referred as division or budding henceforth). It is a model organism of choice due to its relatively short lifespan, well-characterized genome, and easy genetic engineering with myriad protocols readily available (Dakik et al 2020 ; Kaeberlein 2010 ). S. cerevisiae has become the most extensively used eukaryote in the study of aging (Arlia-Ciommo et al 2014 ; Bilinski et al 2017 ), cell cycle (Musa, et al 2018 ; Leonov et al 2017 ), gene expression (Postnikoff et al 2017 ; Ksiazek 2010 ), metabolism (Baccolo et al 2018 ; Croft et al 2020 ), signal transduction (Hohmann et al 2007 ; Babazadeh et al 2014 ), and apoptosis (Baroni et al 2020 ; Owsianowski et al 2008 ).…”

“…In other words, resveratrol does not abide by the concept of ‘one drug, one target’; thus, suggesting it as promiscuous compound whose effect is dependent on interaction with a host of targets or protein – protein association (Pezzuto 2011 , 2019 ). Consequently, excellent review studies exist in the compound base lifespan extension as demonstrated in the work of Zimmermann et al ( 2018 ), whose study laid guideline for the identification of anti-aging compounds; Hibi et al ( 2018 ) and Dakik et al ( 2020 ) who reported the discovery of new geroprotective compounds and Orlandi et al ( 2020 ) whose work elaborated emerging roles of biosynthetic redox cofactors on yeast RLS and CLS aging.…”