“…Numerous environmental contaminants have been shown to induce epigenetic changes to a wide range of ecologically relevant organisms (Table ), such as mammals, , plants, − insects, , fish, − nematode worms, molluscs, and reptiles. , Several of these studies have cited contaminant-induced hypermethylation of specific genes, suggesting that epigenetic alterations vary with contaminant type. For example, studies have demonstrated that regions of the rat ( Rattus norvegicus ) genome are differentially methylated in response to exposure from different contaminants including dioxins, plastics, and pesticides .…”