Discovery of magnetite in the exhausted material from a diesel engine

Abdul-Razzaq, W.; Gautam, Mridul

doi:10.1063/1.1358357

Cited by 41 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The production of iron oxides from the combustion of diesel fuel was also reported by Kasper et al (1999), which found that carbonaceous matter preferentially condenses at the surface of the iron oxide nuclei. Abdul-Razzaq and Gautam (2001) reported magnetite in particulate matter collected from diesel engine exhaust; and recently, Kim et al (2007) -on two magnetic extracts -also found iron oxides from diesel vehicle emissions and from the abrasion of brake lining surfaces. The presence of these magnetic carriers is not only important because of their relationship with heavy metals but also because of their adverse influence on human health.…”

Section: 1 2 R O a D S I D E S O I L Smentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Although there are magnetic mapping studies of traffic-related areas, most of them focussed on the influence of pollutants on nearby soils, vegetation and dust particles. There is a scarcity of rockmagnetic studies of primary sources, such as soot and material from exhaust pipes (AbdulRazzaq and Gautam, 2001;Lu et al, 2005), as well as from the brake lining system of vehicles. This information can be useful for future investigation on identifying different contamination sources from vehicles and their influence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vehicle-derived emissions and pollution on the road autovia 2 investigated by rock-magnetic parameters: A case study from Argentina

et al. 2010

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In this work, we carried out a preliminary study of traffic-derived pollutants from primary sources (vehicles), and on roads (paved area), road borders and surroundings areas. The study is focussed on the identification, distribution and concentration of pollutants and magnetic carriers. Magnetic parameters and their analyses suggest that the magnetic signal of vehicle-derived emissions is controlled by a magnetite-like phase. Magnetic grain size estimations reveal the presence of fine particles (0.1−5 μm) that can be inhaled and therefore are dangerous to human health. Magnetic susceptibility results (about 175 × 10 −5 SI) show a higher magnetic concentration -magnetic enhancement -in the central area of the tollbooth line that is related to higher traffic. In addition, magnetic susceptibility was computed on several roadside soils along a length of 120 km and used to generate a 2-D contour map, which shows higher magnetic values (100−200 × 10 −5 SI) near the edge of the road. The observed distribution of magnetic values indicates that magnetic particles emitted by vehicles are accumulated and mainly concentrated within a distance of several meters (1−2 m) from the edge of the road. In consequence, the magnetic susceptibility parameter seems to be a suitable indicator of traffic-related pollution. Non-magnetic studies show an enrichment of some trace elements, such as Ba, Cr, Cu, Zn and Pb, that are associated with traffic pollution. Furthermore, statistical correlations between the content of toxic trace metals and magnetic variables support the use of magnetic parameters as potential proxies for traffic-related pollution in this study area. K e y w o r d s : magnetic susceptibility, pollution, roadside soils, toxic trace metals, vehicle emissions D.C. Marié et al. 136 Stud. Geophys. Geod., 54 (2010)

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Section: 1 2 R O a D S I D E S O I L Smentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vehicle-derived emissions and pollution on the road autovia 2 investigated by rock-magnetic parameters: A case study from Argentina

et al. 2010

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“…Frictional heating, e.g., of brake pads, can also produce high-temperature magnetite nanoparticles (21). Magnetite can arise from combustion of many types of organic matter, depending on heating temperature and atmosphere, and source Fe content (23)(24)(25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetite pollution nanoparticles in the human brain

Maher

Ahmed

Karloukovski

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

835

627

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Biologically formed nanoparticles of the strongly magnetic mineral, magnetite, were first detected in the human brain over 20 y ago [Kirschvink JL, Kobayashi-Kirschvink A, Woodford BJ (1992) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89(16):7683-7687]. Magnetite can have potentially large impacts on the brain due to its unique combination of redox activity, surface charge, and strongly magnetic behavior. We used magnetic analyses and electron microscopy to identify the abundant presence in the brain of magnetite nanoparticles that are consistent with high-temperature formation, suggesting, therefore, an external, not internal, source. Comprising a separate nanoparticle population from the euhedral particles ascribed to endogenous sources, these brain magnetites are often found with other transition metal nanoparticles, and they display rounded crystal morphologies and fused surface textures, reflecting crystallization upon cooling from an initially heated, iron-bearing source material. Such high-temperature magnetite nanospheres are ubiquitous and abundant in airborne particulate matter pollution. They arise as combustion-derived, iron-rich particles, often associated with other transition metal particles, which condense and/ or oxidize upon airborne release. Those magnetite pollutant particles which are <∼200 nm in diameter can enter the brain directly via the olfactory bulb. Their presence proves that externally sourced iron-bearing nanoparticles, rather than their soluble compounds, can be transported directly into the brain, where they may pose hazard to human health.brain magnetite | magnetite pollution particles | Alzheimer's disease | combustion-derived nanoparticles | airborne particulate matter

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“…The soft behaviour of hysteresis loops (Table 3) as well as the low frequency dependence of magnetic susceptibility is typical features that distinguish anthropogenic ferrimagnetics from natural ferrimagnetic minerals that occur often as SP grains. Magnetite in the combustionderived component of vehicle exhaust materials has been identified (Abdul-Razzaq and Gautam 2001;Simao et al 2006). Vehicles have been suggested to generally produce non-spherical magnetite particles via exhaust emissions and the abrasion or corrosion of the vehicle engine and body work (Matzka and Maher 1999).…”

Section: Magnetic Carriers Derived Traffic Activities In Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic enhancement of urban roadside soils as a proxy of degree of pollution by traffic-related activities

2010

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Detailed magnetic and geochemical measurements were performed on urban roadside soils collected from Lishui city, China, to establish a possible link between the enhanced concentration of traffic-related magnetic particles and heavy metals. Relatively higher magnetic susceptibility (mean: 124.1 9 10 -8 m 3 kg -1 ) and concentrations of metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) were observed for roadside soils. Concentration-dependent magnetic parameters (v and SIRM) are highly significantly positively correlated to the concentration of metals (Ca, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Fe, and V), but not significantly correlated with As, Mn, Co, Mg, and K. The principal component analysis showed that v and SIRM significantly correspond to elements Ca, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn. The v and SIRM also have significant linear correlation with integrated pollution index, indicating that v and SIRM can be used as effective proxy indicators for the pollution of heavy metals. Magnetite in the pseudo-single-domain/multidomain (PSD/MD) grain size was identified as the dominant magnetic carrier by temperature-dependent measurements of saturation magnetization (Ms-T curve), XRD and hysteresis loops. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of the magnetic particles revealed the presence of large traffic-related angular-subangular, blocky, and spherical iron oxide particles. These iron oxide particles are typical for particles produced by traffic-related anthropogenic activities. It is concluded that vehicle emissions may be the major source of elevated heavy metals and magnetic particles in roadside soils. The results proved the applicability of magnetic method in detecting roadside pollution derived from vehicle emissions.

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Discovery of magnetite in the exhausted material from a diesel engine

Cited by 41 publications

References 14 publications

Vehicle-derived emissions and pollution on the road autovia 2 investigated by rock-magnetic parameters: A case study from Argentina

Vehicle-derived emissions and pollution on the road autovia 2 investigated by rock-magnetic parameters: A case study from Argentina

Magnetite pollution nanoparticles in the human brain

Magnetic enhancement of urban roadside soils as a proxy of degree of pollution by traffic-related activities

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