“…However, the filled function contains two parameters and the algorithm relies heavily on the selection of the parameters, it requires multiple adjustments in the iterative process to obtain the appropriate parameter values, which requires a large amount of calculation. In response to this shortcoming, later scholars made further improvements, and successively proposed filled functions [12,3,15,14,6,8,19,2,7,11,4,16,18,17,10,13,5]: The filled function proposed by paper [12] contains only one adjustable parameter, but the filled function is vulnerable to exponential terms. If the exponential term is too large, it is easy to cause memory overflow.…”